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Descriptions of the IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications

• Volume 1: Homogenization and Effective Moduli of Materials and Media
Editors: Jerry Ericksen, David Kinderlehrer, Robert Kohn, and J.-L. Lions

Contents:  pdf    postscript

The first in a series of volumes dedicated to the study of continuum physics and partial differential equations. "This volume is a collection of papers by world experts in both homogenization and optimal structural design. The emphasis of all the papers is on applications and examples. The papers are of high quality, well written, and happily one need not be a specialist to gain insight from reading them. I recommend the collection to anyone interested in seeing what is happening on the applied side of homogenization and optimal structural design.

• Volume 2: Oscillation Theory, Computation, and Methods of Compensated Compactness
Editors: Constantine Dafermos, Jerry Ericksen, David Kinderlehrer, and Marshall Slemrod

Contents:  pdf    postscript

Brings together both the analytical and numerical sides of conservation law research. The objective is to examine recent trends in the investigation of systems of conservation laws and in particular to focus on the roles of dispersive and diffusion limits for singularly perturbed conservation laws. Special attention is devoted to the new ideas of compensated compactness and oscillation theory in the hope that these new methods may lead to new existence theorems for systems of conservation laws and perhaps provide a greater understanding of convergence of finite difference schemes.

• Volume 3: Metastability and Incompletely Posed Problems
Editors: S. Antman, J.L. Ericksen, K. Kinderlehrer, and I. Müller

Contents:  pdf    postscript

Available knowledge of constitutive relations and environmental interactions may be limited; thus, many configurations may be compatible with the data. This volume addresses such incompletely posed questions and addresses a variety of issues as they are perceived by the material scientist and mathematician. They represent a portion of the significant activity which has been underway in recent years, from the experimental arena and physical theory to the analysis of differential equations and computations. While there is speculative character to much of this work, by grappling with specific problems, the authors provide experience from which one may aspire to abstract viable methods for the analysis and production of metastable behavior.

• Volume 4: Dynamical Problems in Continuum Physics
Editors: Jerry Bona, Constantine Dafermos, Jerry Ericksen, and David Kinderlehrer

Contents:  pdf    postscript

The behavior of matter and waves in a dynamical setting offers many challenging problems to the mathematician and the materials scientist alike. Under review in this volume are a variety of nonlinear phenomena whose consideration entails new perspectives, not commonly found in the literature. Attention has been given to the interaction of electromagnetic and mechanical properties of materials. Attempts are made to describe and to understand phenomena which are far from equilibrium or which suffer abrupt changes in behavior through tentative physical or analytical assumptions.

• Volume 5: Theory and Applications of Liquid Crystals
Editors: Jerry Ericksen and David Kinderlehrer

Contents:  pdf    postscript

The diversity of experimental phenomena and the range of applications of liquid crystals present timely and challenging questions for experimentalists , mechanists, and mathematicians. The contents of this volume vary from descriptions of experimental phenomena to questions of a mathematical nature of efficient computation. Interest in this area is stimulated by problems relating to the many familiar devices as well as by questions which arise in the processing of high strength polymer fibers such as Kevlar. The objective of this volume is to foster improved theory and more effective computational methods through better mathematical understanding.

• Volume 6: Amorphous Polymers and Non-Newtonian Fluids
Editors: Constantine Dafermos, Jerry Ericksen, and David Kinderlehrer

Contents:  pdf    postscript

Experiences with amorphous polymers have supplied much of the motivation for developing novel kinds of molecular theory to deal with the more significant featuares of systems involving very large molecules with many degrees of freedom. Similarly, the observations of many unusual macroscopic phenomena has stimulated efforts to develop linear and nonlinear theories of viscoelasticity to describe them. This volume brings together research workers in chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physics from laboratory, industrial and academic environments. The objective is to devise techniques for finding equations capable of delivering definite and reliable predictions.

• Volume 7: Random Media
Editor: George Papanicolaou

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume brings together researchers who work in a broad area of applications and mathematical methodology related to random media. Papers represent a cross section of problems and methods that are currently of interest: Brownian motion, random PDE's, random Schrödinger operators, wave propagation, amorphous semiconductors, lattice models, diffusion processes, etc. One dimensional problems, such as Lyapunov indices, density of states, and localization, receive considerable attention. There is considerable progress in several dimensional problems as well, in particular on localization of cases in multidimensional random media. The volume should be of interest to chemists, physicists and mathematicians.

• Volume 8: Percolation Theory and Ergodic Theory of Infinite Particle Systems
Editor: Harry Kesten

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Percolation theory and infinite particle systems both deal with probability mode ls with great appeal to pure probabilists and to statistical physicists. The percolatio n model was invented about 30 years ago. One of its attractions is that it is extremely simple to state. It exhibits a phase transition, which turns out to be quite difficult to analyze. It is precisely this phase transition which makes the mod el interesting to physicists, because they have studied such phenomena for a much longer time in statistical mechanics (e.g. in models for magnetism). Infinite particle systems deal with the evolution of collections of interacting particles . The interaction is of course required if one wants to mimic any physical phenomenon, but it makes the mathematical problems challenging and difficult. Percolation theory and the study of infinite particle systems have many tools in common and there is a similarity of flavor between the two fields.

This volume contains the Proceedings of a workshop held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications, Minneapolis, in Feb. 1986. It reports recent results in the above fields (and some related ones) and gives an impression of the state of the art at the time of the workshop. There is a survey on fractal structures in percolation. Several papers prove new results completely; others merely state results, with proofs to appear in technical journals.

• Volume 9: Hydrodynamic Behavior and Interacting Particle Systems
Editor: George Papanicolaou

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Fifteen papers are presented containing research in various directions currently being pursued on the hydrodynamic behavior of interacting particle systems. Papers are concerned with

• experimental and theoretical results on suspensions
• time dependent effects in sedimentation
• continuum limit of boundary problems in regions with many small inclusions
• the vortex method
• propagation of chaos for Burgers equation
• probabilistic aspects of particle systems
• continuum mechanics model for flow of a slurry. The volume should be of interest to chemists, physicists and mathematicians.

• Volume 10: Stochastic Differential Systems, Stochastic Control Theory, and Applications
Editors: Wendell Fleming and Pierre-Louis Lions

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is the Proceedings of a Workshop on stochastic control and related topics in applied probability, held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications in June 1986. The choice of topics was deliberately made to obtain a mix of traditional areas of stochastic control theory and topics arising in newer areas of application. The papers included in this volume represent a diversity of approaches and viewpoints. They emphasize variously underlying mathematical theory, modelling issues and questions of computational implementation.

The volume will interest several audiences in mathematics, electrical/computer engineering, and management science. Mathematicians working in probability theory and related areas of partial differential equations would find of interest the papers on stochastic differential systems theory as well as those dealing with its application to stochastic control and nonlinear filtering. Among the newer areas emphasized are stochastic scheduling and queueing networks. These topics arise in analyses of computer networks and scheduling of complex manufacturing operations. Another newer area included is simulated annealing, which provides a stochastic algorithm for many kinds of large-scale optimization problems.

• Volume 11: Numerical Simulation in Oil Recovery
Editor: Mary Fanett Wheeler
Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is the Proceedings of a workshop on the numerical simulation of oil recovery held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications in December 1986. This volume contains a collection of articles by well known mathematicians, engineers, and scientists. The major research focus is the modeling of geologically realistic media. Several important topics discussed include heterogeneities, diffusion-dispersion, viscous fingering, three phase flow and fractures.

The audience for this volume would include researchers in production research in the petroleum industry (major oil companies), academia (applied mathematics, civil, petroleum, and chemical engineering departments), and government laboratories (DOE, EPA). In addition many of the articles are of interest to hydrologists and engineers modelling containment transport in ground water (U.S. Geological Survey).

• Volume 12: Computational Fluid Dynamics and Reacting Gas Flows
Editors: Bjorn Engquist, M. Luskin, and Andrew Majda

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains papers presented at the workshop on Computational Fluid Dynamics and Reacting Gas Flows held at the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications during September, 1986. Computational fluid dynamics has become a research area of central importance to mathematics, science, and technology. It is a subject which brings together applied mathematics and numerical analysis to solve problems in fluid dynamics. Included in this volume is the description of new algorithms which can make possible the discovery of important new scientific phenomena and the development of new technological processes. This volume will be of interest to mathematicians, scientists, and engineers who are interested in the current research of international leaders in numerical analysis and scientific computing.

• Volume 13: Numerical Algorithms for Modern Parallel Computer Architectures
Editor: Martin H. Schultz

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Parallel computers have the potential of providing additional memory and cpu cycles at low cost. They may completely revolutionize the outer limits of scientific computation. The papers in this volume represent simultaneous consideration of applied mathematical, computer science, and application aspects of parallel scientific computing. Such an interdisciplinary approach is likely to lead to the most rapid possible advances in multiprocessor architectures, parallel algorithm development and analysis, and parallel systems and programming languages.

• Volume 14: Mathematical Aspects of Scientific Software
Editor: J.R. Rice

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is the Proceedings of a Workshop on mathematical problems that arise from creating large scientific software systems. The topics lie at the interface between mathematics and computer science, yet some fundamental mathematical questions arise from efforts to understand scientific software. Papers in the volume include a lengthy overview of the area plus treatments of computational geometry, symbolic computation, performance evaluation issues and mathematical systems.

The volume will interest several audiences in mathematics plus the computationally oriented people in a variety of science and engineering disciplines. Of course, those computer scientists working on scientific software will also find the volume of interest.

• Volume 15: Mathematical Frontiers in Computational Chemical Physics
Editor: D. Truhlar
Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume consists of the lectures at an IMA Workshop on Atomic and Molecular Structure and Dynamics. It focuses on areas where new mathematical developments are currently allowing for advances in computations and where further mathematical developements are required for important progress.

The volume begins with two introductory lectures; the following nine lecturers develope individual strains of research. The book should be of interest to students in mathematics, chemistry, and physics, as well as to senior researchers interested in new research topics. All chapters were specially prepared with this kind of audience in mind and with special emphasis on pedagogy. Emphasis is placed on frontier aspects of mathematical chemistry and physics where unsolved problems provide fertile ground for future research. The areas discussed include the theory of partial differential equations, integral equations, analytic continuation, quantum mechanics, molecular dynamics, and statistical mechanics.

• Volume 16: Mathematics in Industrial Problems
by Avner Friedman

The book is based on a seminar conducted by the author at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications during 1987-88. In this seminar, scientists from industry presented industrial problems to mathematicians, including the mathematical formulation of the problems. The consists of twenty-two chapters, each one being independent of the others. Each chapter is based on a presentation by one of the speakers; it includes the industrial background, relevant mathematical literature, a list of open mathematical problems and, in some cases, reference to a solution or a partial solution of the problem. Most of the problems, however, are still open and they are addressed to mathematicians. The topics of the book include scattering, control and coding, conservation laws, inverse problems, network optimization, fluid problems, and a variety of free boundary problems in fluid mechanics. The book will be of interest to mathematicians seeking to work on mathematical problems which arise in industry. It will also be of interest to mathematicians and scientists who would like to learn about the interaction between mathematics and industry, what type of problems arise, how they are modelled, etc. Scientists working in industry may also be interested in the book as they discover that some of the topics dealt with are connected to their own work.

• Volume 17: Applications of Combinatorics and Graph Theory to the Biological and Social Sciences
Editor: Fred Roberts

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is the Proceedings of a Workshop on the applications of combinatorics and graph theory in the biological and social sciences, held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications in January 1988. Combinatorial and graph-theoretical methods are increasingly important in the biological and social sciences. The Workshop emphasized mathematical techniques and open problems arising in such fields as ecology, genetics, enzyme kinetics, economics, political science, sociology, and psychology.

Two illustrations will indicate the type of material in the volume. In biology, the Workshop paid considerable attention to the analysis of protein, DNA, and RNA sequences. This is an area where combinatorial analysis has historically played a very critical role, and where in the future it can be expected to be important as the United States undertakes the massive scientific project of mapping the human genome. In the social sciences, the Workshop paid considerable attention to the theory of measurement. Using both combinatorial and graph-theoretical methods, the Workshop explored the question: What kinds of statements using scales and index numbers can be meaningfully made? The answer to this question has applications to group decisionmaking, performance analysis of new technologies, the analysis of price indices, and so on.

Other areas of special emphasis in the biological sciences were the use of signed graphs in the analysis of stability in ecosystems if only patterns of interaction are known; analysis of competition in ecosystems in general through the use of competition graphs and niche overlap graphs; the use of tree structures in immunology; and combinatorial aspects of enzyme kinetics.

Other areas of special emphasis in the social sciences were the use of median rankings and spatial metrics in group choice and voting; the use of partially ordered sets to analyze knowledge spaces which describe how a person learns and the use of lattice structures to analyze concepts; the use of graphs and signed graphs to study small group behavior and social networks; and the use of signed graphs to study stability in economic models when only sign patterns are known.

The biological and social scientific applications described in the volume are closely related. Some of the uses of graph theory in the study of food webs in ecology are also used to model preference and indifference in psychology and economics. Some of the models used to describe how groups should make choices also have application to finding consensus structures in numerical taxonomy. The problems of measurement and classification discussed are common to the biological and social sciences, as are the methods for analyzing stability when only sign patterns are known.

The volume will interest audiences in mathematics, statistics, operations research, ecology genetics, kinetics, economics, psychology, sociology, and political science. Mathematicians working in graph theory, combinatorics, random discrete structures, lattice theory, partially ordered sets, and finite stochastic processes, should find this volume particularly interesting.

• Volume 18: q-series and Partitions
Editor: Dennis Stanton

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is the proceedings of a workshop held for the Applied Combinatorics program in March, 1988. The central idea of the workshop is the recent interplay of the classical analysis of q-series, and the combinatorial analysis of partitions of integers. Many related topics are discussed, including orthogonal polynomials, the Macdonald conjectures for root systems, and related integrals. Those people interested in combinatorial enumeration and special functions will find this volume of interest. Recent applications of q-series (and related functions) to exactly solvable statistical mechanics models and to statistics makes this volume of interest to non-specialists. Included are several expository papers, and a series of papers on new work on the unimodality of the q-binomial coefficient.

• Volume 19: Invariant Theory and Tableaux
Editor: Dennis Stanton

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is the proceedings of a workshop held for the Applied Combinatorics program in March, 1988. The principal speaker was Gian-Carlo Rota, whose introductory lectures on invariant theory are included here. Several related topics are discussed in other papers: from recent applications of invariant theory to differential equations, to combinatorial questions on Coxeter groups and tableaux. Particularly noteworthy for non-specialists is a self-contained, elementary introduction to Young tableaux and the representations of the symmetric group.

• Volume 20: Coding Theory and Design Theory Part I: Coding Theory
Editor: Dijen Ray-Chaudhuri
Contents:   pdf     postscript

Coding Theory and Design Theory are areas of Combinatorics which found rich applications of algebraic structures. Combinatorial designs are generalizations of finite geometries. Probably, the history of Design Theory begins with the 1847 paper of Reverand T.P. Kirkman "On a problem of Combinatorics," Cambridge and Dublin Math. Journal. The great Statistician R.A. Fisher reinvented the concept of combinatorial 2-design in the twentieth century. Extensive application of algebraic structures for construction of 2-designs (balanced incomplete block designs) can be found in R.C. Bose's 1939 Annals of Eugenics paper, "On the construction of balanced incomplete block designs." Coding Theory and Design Theory are closely interconnected. Hamming codes can be found (in disguise) in R.C. Bose's 1947 Sankhyä paper "Mathematical theory of the symmetrical factorial designs." The same paper also introduced the packing problem in projective spaces - the central problem in the construction of optimum linear codes. Coding theory has developed into a rich and beautiful example of abstract sophisticated mathematics being applied successfully to solve real-life problems of communication. Applications of deep theorems of Algebraic Geometry for construction of linear codes by V.D. Goppa and others created much excitement. Much work remains to be done to make the algebraic geometric codes practical and implementable. Theory of $t$-designs for $t>2$ is in a state of rapid development. The 1987-88 Applied Combinatorics Program of IMA decided to devote the period from May 1, 1988 to June 25, 1988 to concentration on Design Theory and Coding Theory. It was particularly appropriate as many of the specialists that were invited worked in both of these areas.

The purpose of this section of the Applied Combinatorics Year was to bring together Coding Theorists, Design Theorists and Statisticians in the area of experimental designs, to exchange informations and ideas on the latest developments, to encourage interactions and to create an inspiring and stimulating research environment. This purpose was well served. Before the beginning of the workshops from May 1 to June 10, 1988 the pace was relaxed with plenty of time for research exchanges. During this period lectures of J.H. van Lint on Algebraic Geometric Codes was a particularly popular event. In this period there were also lectures by E. Assmus, R.A. Bailey, C-S. Cheng, M. Deza, A.S. Hedayat, S.L. Ma, V. Pless, D.K. Ray-Chaudhuri, N. Singhi, R.M. Wilson and L. Teirlinck. The periods of workshops, Coding Theory, June 13-17, 1988 and Design Theory, June 20-25, 1988 were much more intense with forty (40) lectures altogether. Symposium on Statistical theory of Experimental Designs attracted many statisticians with lively lectures by eight prominent statisticians. Most of the participants submitted their papers for publication in this volume on Coding Theory and Design Theory. Unfortunately a few fine lectures are not submitted for inclusion in these Proceedings.

• Volume 21: Coding Theory and Design Theory Part II: Coding Theory
Editor: Dijen Ray-Chaudhuri

See Volume 20 for description.
Contents:   pdf     postscript

• Volume 22: Signal Processing: Part I Signal Processing Theory
Editors: L. Auslander, F. A. Grünbaum, W. Helton, T. Kailath, P. Khargonekar and S. Mitter

Contents:   pdf     postscript

The two volumes of Signal Processing are based on lectures delivered during a six week program held at the IMA during the summer of 1988. The first two weeks of the program dealt with general areas and methods of Signal Processing. The problem areas included imaging and analysis of recognition, x-ray crystallography, radar and sonar, signal analysis and 1-D signal processing, speech, vision, and VLSI implementation. The methods discussed included harmonic analysis and wavelets, operator theory, algorithm complexity, filtering and estimation, and inverse scattering. The topics of weeks three and four were digital filter, VLSI implementation, and integrable circuit modelling. In week five the concentration was on robust and nonlinear control with aerospace applications, and in week six the emphasis was on problems in radar, sonar and medical imaging.

Because of the large overlap between the various one-week and two-week segments of the program, we found it more convenient to divide the material somewhat differently. Part I deals with general signal process theory and Part II deals with (i) application of signal processing, (ii) control theory related themes.

Signal Processing is undergoing tremendous developments; it is our hope that these two volumes will serve as a source of information and stimulation to mathematical scientists who wish to get acquainted with this field.

• Volume 23: Signal Processing: Part II Control Theory and Applications of Control Processing
Editors: L. Auslander, F. A. Grünbaum, W. Helton, T. Kailath, P. Khargonekar and S. Mitter

See Volume 22 for description.
Contents:   pdf     postscript

• Volume 24: Mathematics in Industrial Problems, Part 2
by Avner Friedman

The book is based on a seminar conducted by the author at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications during 1988-89. In this seminar, scientists from industry presented industrial problems to mathematicians, including the mathematical formulation of the problems. The book consists of nineteen chapters, each one being independent of the others. Each of the first eighteen chapters is based on a presentation by one of the speakers; it includes the industrial background, relevant mathematical literature, a list of open mathematical problems and, in some cases, reference to a solution or a partial solution of the problem. Most of the problems, however, are still open and they are addressed to mathematicians. The last chapter of the book contains references to solutions of problems presented in the previous volume of "Mathematics in Industrial Problems" published in the IMA series, as volume 16. The topics of the book include electro-chemical processes, magneto-optics, aerosol modeling, nonlinear optics, semiconductors and communication. The book will be of interest to mathematicians seeking to work on mathematical problems which arise in industry. It will also be of interest to mathematicians and scientists who would like to learn about the interaction between mathematics and industry, what type of problems arise, how they are modelled, etc. Scientists working in industry may also be interested in the book as they discover that some of the topics dealt with are connected to their own work.

• Volume 25: Solitons in Physics, Mathematics, and Nonlinear Optics
Editors: Peter J. Olver and David H. Sattinger
Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume includes some of the lectures given at two workshops, Solitons in Physics and Mathematics" and "Solitons in Nonlinear Optics and Plasma Physics" held during the 1988-89 I.M.A. year on Nonlinear Waves. Since their discovery by Kruskal and Zabusky in the early 1960's, solitons have had a profound impact on many fields, ranging from engineering and physics to algebraic geometry. The present contributions represent only a fraction of these areas, but give the reader a good overview of several current research directions, including optics, fluid dynamics, inverse scattering, cellular automata, Backlund transformations, monodromy, Painlevé equations, symmetries and Hamiltonian systems.

• Volume 26: Two Phase Flows and Waves
Editors: Daniel D. Joseph and David G. Schaeffer
Contents:   pdf     postscript

This Workshop, held from January 3-10, 1989 at IMA, focused on the properties of materials which consist of many small particles or grains. These include granular materials, in which the particles interact through direct contact, and suspensions or two phase materials, in which particles interact through the influence of the surrounding viscous fluid. Such materials are important in many industrial and geological applications, especially fluidized beds.

This volume contains advanced scientific papers in this rapidly developing subject by authors from several different disciplines (e.g., engineering, physics, mathematics). Some papers attempt to derive continuum constitutive behavior from micromechanics. Others analyze theoretically or solve numerically the partial differential equations which result when an ad hoc constitutive law is assumed. Experimental phenomena exhibited by such materials are reported in other papers. Still others consider the application to fluidized beds.

• Volume 27: Nonlinear Evolution Equations that Change Type
Editors: Barbara Lee Keyfitz and Michael Shearer

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume will be of interest to applied mathematicians, to researchers in Partial Differential Equations, and to Fluid Dynamicists and Numerical Analysts examining models for viscoelastic flows, porous medium and granular flows, and flows exhibiting phase transitions. As papers in this volume indicate, physical processes whose simplest models may involve change of type occur also in other dynamic contexts, such as in the simulation of oil reservoirs, involving multiphase flow in a porous medium, and in granular flow.

• Volume 28: Computer Aided Proofs in Analysis
Editors: Kenneth Meyer and Dieter Schmidt

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Since the dawn of the computer revolution the vast majority of scientific computation has dealt with a small cadre seeking precise solutions of equations and rigorous proofs of mathematical results. For example, the number theory and combinatorics have a long history of computer-assisted proofs; such methods are now well established in these fields. In analysis the use of computers to obtain exact results has been fragmented into several schools. This volume is the proceedings of a conference which brought together people in symbolic algebra and in interval arithmetic with some independent entrepreneurs who where interested in obtaining precise answers to questions in analysis by computer methods. There were mathematical physicists interested in the stability of matter, functional analyst computing norms in strange function spaces, celestial mechanists analyzing bifurcations, symbolic algebraists interested in exact integration, numerical analysts who had developed interval arithmetic, plus much more. The mix included developers and end users. The papers within reflect the heterogeneous background of the participants.

• Volume 29: Multidimensional Hyperbolic Problems and Computations
Editors: Andrew Majda and Jim Glimm

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is the proceedings of a two week workshop on multi-dimensional hyperbolic problems held during April 1989. The twenty-six papers in this volume emphasize the interdisciplinary nature of contemporary research in this field involving combinations of ideas from the theory of nonlinear partial differential equations, asymptotic methods, numerical computation and experiments. This volume incoudes several expository papers on asymptotic methods such as nonlinear geometric optics, a number of articles applying numerical algorithms such as higher order Godunov methods and front tracking to physical problems along with comparison to experimental data, and also several interesting papers on the rigorous mathematical theory of shock waves. In addition, there are two papers in the book devoted to open problems with this interdisciplinary emphasis. This book should be very interesting for any researcher pursuing modern developments in the theory and applications of hyperbolic conservation laws.

• Volume 30: Microlocal Analysis and Nonlinear Waves
Editors: Michael Beals, R. Melrose, and J. Rauch

Contents:   pdf     postscript

The behavior of linear hyperbolic waves has long been analyzed by decomposing the waves into pieces in space-time and into different frequencies. The linear nature of the equations involved allows the reassembling of the pieces in a simple fashion; the individual pieces do not interact. For nonlinear waves the interaction of the pieces seemed to preclude such an analysis, but in the late 1970s it was shown that a similar procedure could be undertaken in this case and would yield important information. The analysis of the decomposed waves, and of waves with special smoothness or size in certain directions, has been fruitful in describing a variety of the properties of nonlinear waves.

This volume presents a number of articles on topics of current interest which involve the use of the techniques described above. The results established include descriptions of the smoothness of such waves as determined by their geometry, the properties of solutions with high frequency oscillations, and the long-time smoothness and size estimates satisfied by nonlinear waves.

• Volume 31: Mathematics in Industrial Problems, Part 3
by Avner Friedman

The book is based on a seminar conducted by the author at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications during 1989-90. In this seminar, scientists from industry presented industrial problems to mathematicians, including the mathematical formulation of the problems. The book consists of eighteen chapters each one being independent of the others. Each of the first seventeen chapters is based on a presentation by one of the speakers; it includes the industrial background, relevant mathematical literature, a list of open mathematical problems and, in some cases, reference to a solution or a partial solution of the problem. Most of the problems, however, are still open and they are addressed to mathematicians. The last chapter of the book contains references to solutions of problems presented in the previous volume of "Mathematics in Industrial Problems, Part 2" published in the IMA series, as volume 24. The topics of the book include electro-chemical processes, polymers, waveguides, diffractive optics, semiconductors and optimization. The book will be of interest to mathematicians seeking to work on mathematical problems which arise in industry. It will also be of interest to mathematicians and scientists who would like to learn about the interaction between mathematics and industry, what type of problems arise, how they are modelled, etc. Scientists working in industry may also be interested in the book as they discover that some of the topics dealt with are connected to their own work.

• Volume 32: Radar and Sonar, Part I
by Richard Blahut, Willard Miller, Jr., and Calvin Wilcox
Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains the lecture notes from the three sets of tutorial lectures which were given during the first week of the IMA summer program RADAR AND SONAR, June 18-June 29, 1990. (The second week was devoted to research problems and the proceedings of that part of the program will appear in a second IMA volume.) The first week was run as a summer school with an audience consisting mainly of mathematicians and engineers. The tutorial topics were on mathematics (Topics in Harmonic Analysis with Applications to Radar and Sonar, by Willard Miller, Jr.), on the physical aspects of scattering (Sonar and Radar Echo Structure, by Calvin H. Wilcox), and on the engineering modelling and processing of the phenomena under consideration (Theory of Remote Surveillance Algorithms, by Richard E. Blahut), the famous 1960 technical report by Wilcox (The Synthesis Problem for Radar Ambiguity Functions) was featured prominently in the program and is also published here for the first time. A great effort was made by the lecturers to insure that the participants covered two or all three short courses in detail: mathematicians needed to spend more time and effort in the engineering and physical components and a corresponding distribution of effort was encouraged for engineers and physicists. One of the main goals of this effort was to ensure that people with different backgrounds would help each other, and learn in the process a bit about each others language and approach to problems in Radar and Sonar. We believe that the effort was a great success and offer these notes for the benefit of the wider mathematical sciences community.

• Volume 33: Directions in Robust Statistics and Diagnostics: Part I
Editors: Werner A. Stahel and Sanford Weisberg
Contents:   pdf     postscript

Robust statistical procedures and diagnostics are complementary methodologies to deal with models which may be incomplete or incorrectly specified. These volumes contain the proceedings of a month long workshop on the two fields, held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications in Minneapolis in the Summer of 1989. They provide an overview of current directions in research in these two important areas of statistical theory and practice. Care has been taken to provide overview papers as well as easily accessible introductions to the more technical contributions.

These volumes are a point of reference for those researchers with a special interest in robust statistics and diagnostics as well as for other statisticians who have a general interest in these fields.

• Volume 34: Directions in Robust Statistics and Diagnostics: Part II
Editors: Werner A. Stahel and Sanford Weisberg

Contents:   pdf     postscript

See Volume 33 for description.

• Volume 35: Dynamical Issues in Combustion Theory
Editors: P. Fife, A. Liñán, and F.A. Williams
Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is the Proceedings of the Workshop of Dynamical Issues in Combustion, held at the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications in November, 1989. The world of combustion phenomena is rich in problems intriguing to the mathematical scientists, offering challenges on several fronts: mathematical modeling, devising appropriate asymptotic and computational methods, and developing sound mathematical theories.

Papers in the present volume describe how all these challenges have been met for particular examples within a number of common combustion scenarios: reactive shocks, low Mach number premised reactive flow, nonpremixed phenomena, and solid propellants.

The types of phenomena they examine are also diverse: properties of interfaces and shocks including curvature effects, the stability and other properties of steady structures, the long time dynamics of evolving solutions, and spatio-temporal patterns. These issues are foremost in combustion research; the papers collected here provide a good representative sampling of contemporary activity in this field.

• Volume 36: Computing and Graphics in Statistics
Editors: Andreas Buja and Paul Tukey
Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume covers the computational part of IMA activities in statistics during the summer of 1989. The areas of statistical computing and graphics encompass a broad range of research, much of it representated here. The vigor of this research is probably best demonstrated by the fact that as of this writing two new journals are being launched, both entirely dedication to these areas.

The major topics of statistical computing can be traced largely to problems in data analysis and to a lesser extent, in statistical theory. They involve integrated software systems, visualization of high-dimensional data and mathematical functions, numerical and combinatorial algorithms, tools for data handling, and simulation.

Problems arising in the development of integrated statistical software systems have lead to the adaptation of ideas from computer science, particularly programming environments, programming paradigms, and artificial intelligence. In this general area fall the papers by Dumouchel-O'Brien, Hurley-Oldford, McDonald-Pedersen, Nelder, Pedersen, and Young-Smith. Object-oriented programming has left a special mark in some of this research. Of growing importance for the future will be symbolic computing, especially if integrated eith data analyisis and simulation software (Cabrera).

Visualization has been an integral part of statistical methodology long before it became a major scientific initiative in recent years. What distinguishes the problems of statistics from many physical sciences is that they mostly concern genuine high-dimensional objects, such as multivariate data or functions of many variables. Along these lines is the work by Miller-Wegman, Scott, Stuetzle, and Young-Rheingans. A problem which fascinates with its simplicity and seeming intractability, is attacked in Wilkinson's paper on automatic methods for finding reasonable domains and ranges for plotting univariate functions.

Finally, we should point out the importance of numerical methods and Monte Carlo methods in statistics. Statistical problems are often messy and do require care (Grier). Computer intensive methodology has been at the forefront of statistics research in the last decade. Besides the bootstrap method, Bayesian inference and its associated integration problems have attracted much attention (Hesterberg).

• Volume 37: Patterns and Dynamics in Reactive Media
Editors: Harry Swinney, Gus Aris, and Don Aronson
Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains some of the lectures given at the workshop "Patterns and Dynamics in Reactive Media" held from October 16-20, 1989 as part of the year on Dynamical systems and their Applications at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Ever since the seminal works on traveling waves and on morphogenesis by Fisher, by Kolmogorov, Petrovski & Piscunov, and by Turing, scientists from many disciplines have been fascinated by questions concerning the formation of steady or dynamic patterns in reactive media. The contributors to this volume include chemists, chemical engineers, mathematicians (both pure and applied), and physicists. Their contributions range from reports of experimental studies, through descriptions of numerical experiments, to rather abstract theoretical investigations, each exhibiting different aspects of a very diverse field. Although this small volume can hardly claim to cover the whole range of current research in patterns in reactive media, it nevertheless presents a representative sample.

• Volume 38: Mathematics in Industrial Problems, Part 4
by Avner Friedman

The book is based on a seminar conducted by the author at the Institute for Mathematics and its applications during 1990-91. In this seminar, scientists from industry presented industrail problems to mathematicians, including the mathematical formulation of the problems. The book consists of twenty-one chapters, each one being independent of the others. Each of the first twenty chapters is based on a presentation by one of the speakers; it includes the industrial background, relevant mathematical literature, a list of open mathematical problems and in some cases, reference to a solution or a partial solution of the problem. Most of the problems however, are still open and they are addressed to mathematicians. The last chapter of the book contains references to solutions of problems presented in the previous volume of "Mathematics in Industrial Problems, Part 3" published in the IMA series, as volume 31. The topics of the book include semiconductor devices ahd processing; particles dynamics; polymer chains and electrophoresis; catalytic converte, robotics and CFD in the automobile industry, superconductivity, magnetic storage devices, signal processing, and experimental design.

The book will be of interest to mathematicians seeking to work on mathematical problems which arise in industry. It willl also be of interest to mathematicians and scientists who would like to learn about the interaction between mathematics and industry, what type of problems arise, how they are modelled, etc. Scientists working in industry may also be interested in the book as they discover that some of the topics dealt with are connected to their worn work.

• Volume 39: Radar and Sonar, Part II
Editors: F. Alberto Grünbaum, Marvin Bernfeld, and Richard E. Blahut

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains a representative discussion of mathematical problems that arise in radar and sonar and is based on the lectures that were given during the second week of the IMA summer program RADAR AND SONAR, June 18-June 29, 1990. (The first week was devoted to three sets of tutorial lectures and the lecture notes from that part of the program appear in an earlier IMA volume.) The second week was run as a workshop of contributed papers without formal review. The speakers were selected to cover a broad range of problems in this area.

The summer program was organized to stimulate a dialogue between engineers and applied mathematicians. The design of waveforms for radar and sonar and the development of algorithms for the processing of these waveforms lead to many interesting and difficult problems of applied mathematics. It is timely to separate these problems from the engineering tasks of radar and sonar so as to form a minitopic of applied mathematics. The range of such problems contained herein probably cannot be found in any other volume. There are applications of group theory, modern topics of signal processing, inverse problems, array processing and beamforming, estimation-theoretic imaging, and phase tracking. We believe the program was a great success. As these and related topics develop further a future sequel to this program will be a success as well.

• Volume 40: Nonlinear Phenomena in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
Editors: George F. Carnevale and Raymond T. Pierrehumbert

Contents:   pdf     postscript

"Nonlinear Phenomena in Athmospheric and Oceanic Sciences" is a collection of treatises contributed by distinguished physicists, mathematicians and geophysicists, concerning the fluid mechanical behavior of atmospheres, oceans and related systems. The primary emphasis is on a large scale dynamics, and accordingly, most of the chapters deal with the flow of two-dimensional or quasi-two-dimensional fluids. Topics covered include two-dimensional turbulence, fractal geometry and spectra, chaotic mixing, nonlinear stability theory, and coherent vortices. There are also contributions on convection, nonlinear stratified flow over obstacles, and chaotic eigenvalue problems appearing in dynamo theory. The geometric structures appearing in these flows are liberally illustrated through the use of color graphics.

This book will be of interest to mathematicians seeking to understand the range of problems of interest in geophysical fluid dynamics, and to geophysicists seeking to understand the range of modern mathematical techniques that can be brought to bear on geophysical fluid dynamics problems. It would be ideal as a text for graduate seminars intended to quickly bring students up to speed on this fascinating.

• Volume 41: Chaotic Processes in the Geological Sciences
Editor: David A. Yuen

Contents:   pdf     postscript

The subject matter of chaos and nonlinear dynamics has begun to spread to the geological sciences in the last several years. The articles from this book come from a workshop held at the University of Minnesota in June 1990 in which well-renowned geophysicists, geologists and applied mathematicians were in attendance. There were three areas of focus in the workshop: thermal convection as applied to the earth's mantle, magmatic dynamics and processes in geodynamo. The nonlinear nature of convection ws discussed especially in light of recent advances made in the physics community of the phenomenon of hard-turbulent convection. This book can be useful for graduate students and researchers in geophysics, applied mechanics, and applied mathematics. It should also of interest to workers in other areas of thermal convection.

• Volume 42: Partial Differential Equations with Minimal Smoothness and Applications
Editors: B. Dahlberg, E. Fabes, R. Fefferman, D. Jerison, C. Kenig, and J. Pipher

Contents:   pdf     postscript

In this volume we have collected articles presented at a workshop held at the University of Chicago, March 21-25, 1990. The articles address issues in the theoretical and applied aspects of partial differential equations with an emphasis on minimal smoothness.

• Volume 43: On the Evolution of Phase Boundaries
Editors: Morton E. Gurtin and Geoffrey B. McFadden

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is the proceedings of a one week workshop on phase transitions held during September 1990. A primary goal of this workshop was to emphasize the interdisciplinary nature of contempomporary research in this field, research which involves ideas from nonlinear partial differential equations, asymptotic analysis, numerical computation and experiment. The ten papers in this volume span a wide cross-section of this research. Topics covered include the treatment of scaling laws that describe the coarsening or ripening behavior observed during the later stages of phase transitions; novel numerical methods for treating interface dynamics; the mathematical description of geometric models of interface dynamics; determination of the governing equations and interfacial boundary conditions in the context of fluid flow and elasticity. This book should be interesting for any researcher pursuing modern developments in the theory and applications of phase transitions and interface dynamics.

• Volume 44: Twist Mappings and Their Applications
Editors: Richard McGehee and Kenneth R. Meyer

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This is a collection of papers contributed by distinguished mathematicians and mathematical physicists on the dynamics of twist maps. Twist maps arise naturally in the study of stability questions in mechanical systems and applications in many areas of physical and mechanics.

This book contains many of the most recent developments by some of the leading figures in the field. It will be of interest to mathematicians, physicists, and engineers wishing to keep abreast of this fundamental and evolving area of classical mechanics.

• Volume 45: New Directions in Time Series Analysis, Part I
Editors: David Brillinger, Peter Caines, John Geweke, Emanuel Parzen, Murray Rosenblatt, and Murad S. Taqqu
Contents:   pdf     postscript

Time Series Analysis is truly an interdisciplinary field, because development of its theory and methods requires interaction between the diverse disciplines in which it is applied. The goal of the IMA 1990 summer program from which these proceedings are drawn was to promote strong interaction among the diverse community of statisticians and other scientists whose research involves the analysis of time series data. The themes of the program were:

1. Non-linear and non-Gaussian models and processes (higher order moments and spectra, nonlinear systems, applilcations in astronomy, geophysics, enginering simulation);
2. Self-similar processes and long-range dependence (time series with long memory, fractals, 1/f noise, stable noise);
3. Interactions of Time Series Analysis and Statistics (topics include information, model identification, categorical valued time series, nonparametric and semiparametric methods);
4. Time Series research common to engineers and economists (topics include modeling of multivariate (possibly non-stationary) time series, especially by state space and adaptive methods).

The time series volumes should be of interest to researchers in all of these fields.

• Volume 46: New Directions in Time Series Analysis, Part II
Editors: David Brillinger, Peter Caines, John Geweke, Emanuel Parzen, Murray Rosenblatt, and Murad S. Taqqu

See IMA Volume 45 for description.
Contents:   pdf     postscript

• Volume 47: Degenerate Diffusions
Editors: Wei-Ming Ni, L.A. Peletier, and J.-L. Vazquez

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is the proceedings of the IMA workshop "Degenerate Diffusion" held at the University of Minnesota from May 13 to May 18, 1991.

The workshop consisted of two parts. The emphasis of the first four days was on current progress or new problems in nonlinear diffusions involving free boundaries or sharp interfaces. The analysts and geometers will find some of the mathematical models described in this volume interesting and the papers of more pure mathematical nature included here should provide applied mathematicians with powerful methods and useful techniques in handling singular perturbation problems as well as free boundary problems.

• Volume 48: Linear Algebra, Markov Chains, and Queueing Models
Editors: Carl D. Meyer and Robert J. Plemmons

This volume contains some of the lectures given at the workshop Linear Algebra, Markov Chains, and Queueing Models held January 13-17, 1992, as part of the year of Applied Linear Algebra at the Institute for Mathematics and its applications.

Markov chains and queueing models play an increasingly important role in the understanding of complex systems such as computer, communication, and transportation systems. Linear algebra is an indispensable tool in such research, and this volume collects a selection of important papers in this area. The articles contained herein are representative of the underlying purpose of the workshop which was to bring together practitioners and researchers from the areas of linear algebra, numerical analysis, and queueing theory who share a common interest of analyzing and solving finite state Markov chains. The papers in this volume are grouped into three mejor categories-perturbation theory and error analysis, iterative methods, and applications regarding queueing models.

It is hoped that these contributions can provide the reader with an enlarged perspective of some of the major issues which are of current concern to both the pure and applied communities.

• Volume 49: Mathematics in Industrial Problems, Part 5
by Avner Friedman

The book is based on a seminar conducted by the author at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications during 1991-92. In this seminar, scientists from industry presented industrial problems to mathematicians, including the mathematical formulation of the problems. The book consists of twenty chapters, each one being independent of the others. Each of the first nineteen chapters is based on a presentation by one of the speakers; it includes the industrial background, relevant mathematical literature, a list of open mathematical problems and, in some cases, reference to a solution or a partial solution of the problem. Most of the problems, however, are stilll open and they are addressed to mathematicians. The last chapter of the book contains references to solutions of problems presented in the previous volumes of "Mathematics in Industrial Problems, Parts 2, 3, and 4" published in the IMA series, as volume 24, volume 31, and volume 38. The topics included in Part 5 are imaging and visualization, diffusion in glassy and swelling polymers, composite materials, plastic flows, coating of fiber optics, communication, colloidal dispersion, stress in semiconductor, micromagnetics, photobleaching, and machine vision.

The book will be of interest to mathematicians seeking to work on mathematical roblems which arise in industry. It will also be of interest to mathematicians and scientists who would like to learn about the interaction between mathematics and industry, what type of problems arise, how they are modelled, etc. Scientists working in industry may also be interested in the book as they discover that some of the topics dealt with are connected to their own work.

• Volume 50: Combinatorial and Graph-Theoretic Problems in Linear
Editors: Richard A. Brualdi, Shmuel Friedland, and Victor Klee

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is the proceeding of a workshop on combinatorial and graphp-theoretical problems in linear algebra held during the week of November 11-15, 1991. A primary goal of the workshop was to foster interaction among the people who work on linear algebra problems in which combinatorial or graph-theoretical analysis is a major component and those that work on combinatorial or graph- theoretical problems for which linear algebra is a major tool. The fifteen papers in this volume span a wide cross-section of past and current research in the topic of the workshop. Specific topics covered in the papers include matrix problems and results in symbolic dynamics, block-triangular decompositions of mixed matrices, algebraic and geometric properties of Laplacian matrices of graphs, the use of eigenvalues in combinatorial optimization, eigenvalues and associated eigenspaces of graphs and tournaments, qualitative and combinatorial aspects of matrices, perturbation effects on rank and eigenvalues, and polynomial spaces. This book should be of interest to researchers in linear algebra, combinatorics and graph theory, and to anyone who wishes to get a glimpse of this fascinating area.

• Volume 51: Statistical Thermodynamics and Differential Geometry of Microstructured Materials
Editors: H. Ted Davis and Johannes C.C. Nitsche

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Dynamic phase transitions and the consequent issues of rapid solidification, liquification, and vaporization, gives rise to difficult experimental, physical and mathematical questions. The articles herein collected are from a workshop held at the University of Minnesota in October, 1990 and include presentations by some of the principal workkers in their respective fields on molecular dynamics, shear induced dynamic phase transitions, the Riemann problem for systems that allow change of type, adiabatic shear band formation, shock stability, and the implications of higher spatial gradients of deformation entering into the constitutive structure. The book should be of interest to physicists, mechanicians, and applied mathematicians.

• Volume 52: Shock Induced Transitions and Phase Structures in General Media
Editors: R. Fosdick, E. Dunn and M. Slemrod

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Dynamic phase transitions and the consequent issues of rapid solidification, liquification, and vaporization, gives rise to difficult experimental, physical and mathematical questions. The articles herein collected are from a workshop held at the University of Minnesota in October, 1990 and include presentations by some of the principal workers in their respective fields on molecular dynamics, shear induced dynamic phase transitions, the Riemann problem for systems that allow change of type, adiabatic shear band formation, shock stability, and the implications of higher spatial gradients of deformation entering into the constitutive structure. The book should be of interest to physicists, mechanicians, and applied mathematicians.

• Volume 53: Variational Problems
Editors: A. Friedman and J. Spruck

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains articles based on lectures given at the workshop "Variational and Free Boundary Problems'' held April 1990 as a part of the year of Phase Transitions and Free Boundaries at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications. The book provides a wide cross section of current research in far growing area. The articles are based on models which arise in phase transitions, in elastic/plastic contact problems, Hele-Shaw cells, crystal growth, variational formulation of computer vision models, magneto-hydrodynamics, bubble growth, hydrodynamics (jets and cavities), and in stochastic control and economics. They present mathematical methods which hopefully can be further extended and developed for other models. The book should be of interest both to mathematicians and to engineers who are working with mathematical models.

• Volume 54: Microstructure and Phase Transition
Editors: D. Kinderlehrer, R. James, J.L. Ericksen and M. Luskin

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Much of our traditional knowledge of materials and processes is achieved by observation and analysis of small departures from equilibrium. Many materials, especially modern alloys, ceramics, and their composites, experience not only larger but more dramatic changes, such as the occurrence of phase transitions and the creation of defect structures, when viewed at the microscopic scale. How is this observed, how can it be interpreted, and how does it influence macroscopic behavior? These are the principle concerns of this volume, which constitute the proceedings of an IMA workshop dedicated to these issues.

• Volume 55: Turbulence in Fluid Flows: A Dynamical Systems Approach
Editors: George R. Sell, Ciprian Foias, and Roger Temam

Contents:   pdf     postscript

The Institute of Mathematical Applications workshop on a Dynamical System Approach to Turbulence in Fluid Flows was one of a trio of workshops which closed the year-long program on Dynamical Systems and their Applications. The papers contained in this volume represent various approaches for studying the interrelated concepts of turbulence and long-time dynamics of the Navier-Stokes equations and related problems.

• Volume 56: Graph Theory and Sparse Matrix Computation
Editors: Alan George, John Gilbert and Joseph W.H. Liu

Contents:   pdf     postscript

When reality is modeled by computation, matrices are often the connection between the continuous physical world and the finite algorithmic one. Usually, the more detailed the model, the bigger the matrix, the better the answer. Efficiency demands that every possible advantage be exploited: sparse structure, advanced computer architectures, efficient algorithms. Therefore sparse matrix computation knits together threads from linear algebra, parallel computing, data structures, geometry, and both numerical and discrete algorithms. One of the strongest threads is graph theory, which has been ubiquitous in sparse matrix computation ever since Seymour Parter used undirected graphs to model symmetric Gaussian elimination more than 30 years ago.

The Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications held a workshop on "Sparse Matrix Computations: Graph Theory Issues and Algorithms," organized by the editors of this volume, from October 14 to 18, 1991. The workshop included fourteen invited and several contributed talks, software demonstrations, an open problem session, and a great deal of stimulating discussion between mathematicians, numerical analysts, and theoretical computer scientists. After the workshop we invited some of the participants to submit papers for this collection. We intend the result to be a resource for the researcher or advanced student of either graphs or sparse matrices who wants to explore their connections. Therefore we asked the authors to undertake the challenging task of making current research accessible to both communities.

• Volume 57: Mathematics in Industrial Problems, Part 6
by Avner Friedman

This is the sixth volume in Avner Friedman's collection of Mathematics in Industrial Problems. These books aim to foster interaction between industry and mathematics at the "grass root" level of specific problems. The problems presented in this book arise from models developed by industrial scientists engaged in research and development of new or improved products. The author's sources are affiliated with a variety of industrial enterprises including Eastman Kodak Company, Ford Motor Company, 3M, General Motors, Paramax, IBM/T.J. Watson Research Center, Xerox Corporation/Webster Research Center, Cray Research Inc., and Motorola.

The topics explored in this volume include magnetization in recording media; effective medium theory for color, particle simulation in xerography; amorphous semiconductors, small device semiconductor, and smart power device; dopant diffusion in network; reaction-diffusion and dissolution of crystals in solution; permeation through flawed surfaces; statistical quality control; glassy polymers; wettability for heterogeneous surfaces; electrorheological fluids; remote sensing and data fusion; micromechanical structures, and sensors. Open problems and references to mathematical literature are incorporated into many chapters. The final chapter contains solutions to problems raised in parts of the preceding volumes of Mathematics in Industrial Problems, published in the IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications.

• Volume 58: Semiconductors, Part I
Editors: W.M. Coughran, Jr., Julian Cole, Peter Lloyd and Jacob White

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Semiconductor and integrated-circuit modeling are an important part of the high-technology "chip" industry, whose high-performance, low-cost microprocessors and high-density memory designs form the basis for supercomputers, engineering workstations, laptop computers, and other modern information appliances. There are a variety of differential equation problems that must be solved to facilitate such modeling.

During July 15-August 9, 1991, the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications at the University of Minnesota ran a special program on "Semiconductors." The four weeks were broken into three major topic areas:

• Semiconductor technology computer-aided design and process modeling during the first week (July 15-19, 1991).
• Semiconductor device modeling during the second and third weeks (July 22-August 2, 1991).
• Circuit analysis during the fourth week (August 5-9, 1991).

This organization was natural since process modeling provides the geometry and impurity doping characteristics that are prerequisites for device modeling; device modeling, in turn, provides static current and transient charge characteristics needed to specify the so-called compact models employed by circuit simulators. The goal of this program was to bring together scientists and mathematicians to discuss open problems, algorithms to solve such, and to form bridges between the diverse disciplines involved.

The program was championed by Farouk Odeh of the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center. Sadly, Dr. Odeh met an untimely death. We have dedicated the proceedings volumes to him.

In this volume, we have combined the papers from the process modeling (week 1) and circuit simulation (week 4) portions of the program.

• Volume 59: Semiconductors, Part II
Editors: W.M. Coughran, Jr., Julian Cole, Peter Lloyd and Jacob White
Contents:   pdf     postscript

In 1991, semiconductor device modeling for practical engineering problems was largely based on the so-called drift-diffusion equations, a Poisson equation for the electrostatic potential coupled with advection-diffusion transport equations for the electrons and holes (in silicon, for example). Another popular model equation is the Boltzmann transport equation ( bte) of which the drift-diffusion equations are an approximation. For sufficiently small structures or iii-v (like GaAs) devices, some of the assumptions of the drift-diffusion model are incorrect. Alternate derivatives of the bte, such as energy-balance (or energy-transport) and hydrodynamic models, are of considerable interest. In fact, Dr. Odeh made a number of influential contributions to the hydrodynamic model and algorithms for it. The papers in this volume describe a variety of models and effectual techniques for dealing with them.

• Volume 60: Recent Advances in Iterative Methods
Editors: Gene Golub, Anne Greenbaum and Mitchell Luskin
Contents:   pdf     postscript

The solution of very large sparse or structured linear algebra problems is an integral part of many scientific computations. Direct methods for solving such problems are often infeasible because of computation time and memory requirements, and so iterative techniques are used instead. In recent years much research has focussed on the efficient solution of large systems of linear equations, least squares problems, and eigenvalue problems using iterative methods. The IMA Workshop on Iterative Methods for Sparse and Structured Problems brought together researchers from all over the world to discuss topics of current research. Areas addressed included the development of efficient iterative techniques for solving nonsymmetric linear systems and eigenvalue problems, estimating the convergence rate of such algorithms, and constructing efficient preconditioners for special classes of matrices such as Toeplitz and Hankel matrices. Iteration strategies and preconditioners that could exploit parallelism were of special interest. The papers in this volume represent the latest results of mathematical and computational research into the development and analysis of robust iterative methods for numerical linear algebra problems.

• Volume 61: Free Boundaries in Viscous Flows
Editors: Robert A. Brown and Stephen H. Davis

Contents:   pdf     postscript

It is increasingly the case that models of natural phenomena and materials processing systems involve viscous flows with free surfaces. These free boundaries are interfaces of the fluid with either second immiscible fluids or else deformable solid boundaries. The deformation can be due to mechanical displacement or as is the case here, due to phase transformation; the solid can melt or freeze. This volume of the IMA Proceedings highlights a broad range of subjects on interfacial phenomena. There is an overview of the mathematical description of viscous free-surface flows, a description of the current understanding of mathematical issues that arise in these models and a discussion of high-order-accuracy boundary-integral methods for the solution of viscous free surface flows. There is the mathematical analysis of particular flows: long-wave instabilities in viscous-film flows, analysis of long-wave instabilities leading to Marangoni convection, and descriptions of the interaction of convection with morphological stability during directional solidification.

• Volume 62: Linear Algebra for Control Theory
Editors: Paul Van Dooren and Bostwick Wyman

Contents:   pdf     postscript

During the past decade the interaction between control theory and linear algebra has been ever increasing, giving rise to new results in both areas. As a consequence it was quite natural to include in the Applied Linear Algebra Year held at the IMA, a workshop dedicated to this interdisciplinary area.

This volume contains invited papers presented at this Workshop on Linear Algebra for Control Theory. The cross-fertilization between control and linear algebra can be found in subfields as Numerical Linear Algebra, Canonical Forms, Ring-theoretic Methods, Matrix Theory, and Robust Control.

The challenge of the workshop was to present the latest results in these areas and to find points of common interest. The present volume reflects very nicely this interaction: the range of topics seems very wide indeed but the basic problems and techniques are always closely connected. And the common denominator in all this is of course linear algebra.

• Volume 63: Hamiltonian Dynamical Systems: History, Theory, and Applications
Editors: H.S. Dumas, K.R. Meyer, and D.S. Schmidt

Contents:   pdf     postscript

From its origins nearly two centuries ago, Hamiltonian dynamics has grown to embrace the physics of nearly all systems that evolve without dissipation, as well as a number of branches of mathematics, some of which were literally created along the way. This volume contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Hamiltonian Dynamical Systems held at the University of Cincinnati in March of 1992. Its contents reflect the wide scope and increasing influence of Hamiltonian methods, with contributions from a whole spectrum of researchers in mathematics and physics from more than half a dozen countries, as well as several researchers in the history of science. With the inclusion of several historical articles, these proceedings are a slice not only of state-of-the-art methodology in Hamiltonian dynamics, but also of the bigger picture in which that methodology is embedded.

• Volume 64: Systems and Control Theory for Power Systems
Editors: Joe H. Chow, Petar V. Kokotovic, and Robert J. Thomas

Contents:   pdf     postscript

The articles in this book are from a workshop on power systems held at the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications at the University of Minnesota. Their topics include power system model reduction, transient and voltage stability, nonlinear control, robust stability, computation and optimization. The articles are authored by some of the leading researchers in these areas. The book should be of interest to power and control engineers, and applied mathematicians.

• Volume 65: Mathematical Finance
Editors: Mark H.A. Davis, Darrell Duffie, Wendell H. Fleming, and Steven E. Shreve

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is the Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Finance held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications, June 14-18, 1993. A workshop on mathematical finance can be held only because of two revolutions that have taken place on Wall Street in the latter half of the twentieth century. The first revolution, which was the introduction of quantitative methods to the black art of equity fund management, began with the 1952 publication of his PhD dissertation "Portfolio Selection" by Harry Markowitz. The second revolution in finance began with the 1973 publication of the solution by Fischer Black and Myron Scholes (in consultation with Robert Merton) to the option pricing problem. The Black-Scholes formula brought to the finance industry the modern methodology of martingales and stochastic calculus, methodology which enables investment banks to produce, price and hedge an endless variety of "derivative securities." These two revolutions in finance have created a stream of practical problems whose solutions require the expertise of research mathematicians. This workshop addressed a number of these problems.

• Volume 66: Robust Control Theory
Editors: Bruce A. Francis and Pramod P. Khargonekar
Contents:   pdf     postscript

Robust control is motivated by the need to cope with systems with modeling uncertainty. Uncertainty is always present, fundamentally because no mathematical system can exactly model a physical system. For example, there are always uncertain parameters and unmodeled dynamics; simplifying assumptions are often made; only incomplete or inexact data from identification experiments is available. Robust control theory is a central subfield of control theory and deals with the analysis and synthesis of control systems in the face of plant uncertainty.

The 1992 IMA Workshop on Robust Control Theory brought together leading experts and covered most major research directions in the field of robust control This volume contains papers based on some of the talks that were presented.

• Volume 67: Mathematics in Industrial Problems, Part 7
by Avner Friedman

This is the seventh volume in Avner Friedman's collection of Mathematics in Industrial Problems. These books aim to foster interaction between industry and mathematics at the "grass root" level of specific problems. The problems presented in this book arise from models developed by industrial scientists engaged in research and development of new or improved products. The author's sources are affiliated with a variety of industrial enterprises including General Motors, Eastman Kodak, Ford Motor Company, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bellcore, 3M, IBM, Siemens, Honeywell, UNISYS and Motorola.

The topics explored in this volume include heat sensors for automobiles, battery cells, colloidal dispersions, polymers, crack propagation, coating by electrostatic sprayers, neural networks, head-tape interaction in magnetic tapes, layered manufacturing, image analysis, landmarks identification by robots, communication for multi-users, data fusion, doping profile in semiconductors, effective medium estimates, and scattering by electromagnetic waves.

Open problems and references to mathematical literature are incorporated into most of the chapters. The final chapter contains solutions to problems raised in parts of the preceding volumes of Mathematics in Industrial Problems, published in the IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications.

• Volume 68: Flow Control
Editor: Max D. Gunzburger

Contents:   pdf     postscript This volume contains the proceedings of the Period of Concentration in Flow Control held at the IMA in November, 1992. This gathering of engineers and mathematicians was especially timely as it coincided with the emergence of the role of mathematics and systematic engineering analysis in flow control and optimization. Since this meeting, this role has significantly expanded to the point where now sophisticated mathematical and computational tools are being increasingly applied to the control and optimization of fluid flows. Thus, these proceedings serve as a valuable record of some important work that has gone on to influence the practical, everyday design of flows. Moreover, they also represent very nearly the state of the art in the formulation, analysis, and computation of flow control problems.

• Volume 69: Linear Algebra for Signal Processing
Editors: Adam Bojanczyk and George Cybenko

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains papers by leading researchers on recent advances in linear algebra for signal processing. The papers address the following five areas (1) updating SVD and eigendecompositions; (2) adaptive filtering; (3) structured matrix problems; (4) wavelets and multirate signal processing; and (5) linear algebra architectures (parallel/vector and other high performance machines/designs). The papers explore innovative concepts that will be of great interest to anyone working in the general area of matrix based signal processing.

• Volume 70: Control and Optimal Design of Distributed Parameter Systems
Editors: John E. Lagnese, David L. Russell, and Luther W. White
Contents:   pdf     postscript

In this volume we present the collected contributions to the November, 1992 {\em Workshop on Control and Optimal Design of Distributed Parameter Systems} at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. These papers present original contributions in the areas of Control Theory for Partial Differential Equations, Identification and Optimal Design for such systems and Modelling of Advanced Materials. They follow on a quarter century of highly successful research in the control theory of linear partial differential equations to explore new directions for future research.

• Volume 71: Stochastic Networks
Editors: Frank P. Kelly and Ruth J. Williams
Contents:   pdf     postscript

In the past decade the proliferation of local and global communication networks for computer and human communication, the development of parallel computers with large numbers of processors, and the design of flexible and robust manufacturing systems have spurred major advances in our understanding of queueing networks, and this volume reviews recent progress. While research on queueing networks uses many of the traditional queueing theory insights, it is more concerned with how network components interact than with detailed models of how an individual queue behaves. In the last few years there have been some surprises, in particular with regard to the conditions for stability of multiclass queueing networks, and this area forms a major theme of the volume. Other important themes concern the challenges reflected Brownian motion has set both as a mathematical object and as a modelling paradigm; the usefulness of ideas from the interacting particle system world; the application of large deviation theory; and the developing connections with optimization and dynamical systems theory.

• Volume 72: Discrete Probability and Algorithms
Editors: David Aldous, Persi Diaconis, Joel Spencer, and J. Michael Steele

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Discrete probability theory and the theory of algorithms have become close partners over the last ten years, though the roots of this partnership go back much longer. The papers in this volume address the latest developments in this active field. They are from the recent IMA Workshops "Probability and Algorithms" and "The Finite Markov Chain Renaissance." They represent the current thinking of many of the world's leading experts in the field.

Researchers and graduate students in probability, computer science, combinatorics, and optimization theory will all be interested in this collection of articles. The techniques developed and surveyed in this volume are still undergoing rapid development, and many of the articles of the collection offer an expositionally pleasant entree into a research area of growing importance.

• Volume 73: Discrete Event Systems, Manufacturing Systems, and Communication Networks
Editors: P.R. Kumar and P.P. Varaiya
Contents:   pdf     postscript

The areas of discrete event systems and queueing systems pose a number of challenging design, analysis and control problems. Application areas of special and topical interest include communication networks and manufacturing systems. The topics covered in this volume include: Modeling, design and analysis of discrete event systems, Design of scheduling policies for manufacturing systems, Optimal designs for queueing systems, and Analysis of queueing system models of manufacturing systems and communication networks.

• Volume 74: Adaptive Control, Filtering, and Signal Processing
Editors: K.J. Å ström, G.C. Goodwin, and P.R. Kumar
Contents:   pdf     postscript

The book covers key issues in analysis and design of adaptive systems for control and signal processing such as:

(i) Stability analysis
(ii) Asymptotic analysis of convergence and performance
(iii) Design methods for linear and nonlinear systems
(iv) Averaging methods.

It also covers the closely related topics:

(i) Identification of linear stochastic systems
(ii) Connections between adaptation and learning.

The topics span the entire gamut from analysis of adaptive systems to design. The broad spectrum of analytical approaches illustrate the wide range of mathematical methods available for the study of adaptive systems.

• Volume 75: Modeling, Mesh Generation, and Adaptive Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations
Editors: Ivo Babuska, Joseph E. Flaherty, John E. Hopcroft, William D. Henshaw, Joseph E. Oliger, and Tayfun Tezduyar

Contents:   pdf     postscript

With considerations such as complex multi-dimensional geometries and nonlinearity, the computational solution of partial differential systems has become so involved that it is important to automate decisions that have been classically left to the individual. These include mesh generation, which must be linked to the software generating the domain geometry. Solution accuracy and reliability dictates that mesh selection must be linked to solution generation in an iterative, adaptive fashion. Reliability can be gaged by efficient estimates of local and global discretization errors that both appraise solution accuracy and to control the adaptive process. The material within this volume addresses these issues. Papers describe geometric modeling and its relation to mesh generation; adaptive computational strategies with an emphasis on high-order methods and hp-refinement; and a posteriori error estimation. Applications concentrate on computational fluid mechanics. Submissions involve mathematicians, numerical analysts, computer scientists, and engineers in an effort to stimulate interdisciplinary interaction between the diverse groups.

• Volume 76: Random Discrete Structures
Editors: David Aldous and Robin Pemantle
Contents:   pdf     postscript

Fifteen papers from an IMA workshop present the state of the art in a variety of areas of discrete probability, including random walks on finite and infinite graphs, random trees, renewal sequences, Stein's method for Normal approximation and Kohonen-type self-organizing maps.

• Volume 77: Nonlinear Stochastic PDE's: Hydrodynamic Limit and Burgers' Turbulence
Editors: Tadahisa Funaki and Wojbor A. Woyczynski
Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is a collection of research papers in the area of nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations. The first part contains work on fundamental problems of hydrodynamic limit for particle systems and on random media. The second part groups together papers under the umbrella of the name "Burgers' turbulence," although a broader spectrum of stochastic problem for the Burgers' equation is actually addressed. Finally, the last part deals with the stochastic Navier-Stokes equation both from mathematical and physical perspective.

• Volume 78: Nonsmooth Analysis and Geometric Methods in Deterministic Optimal Control
Editors: Boris S. Mordukhovich and Hector J. Sussmann

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains the proceedings of the workshop on Nonsmooth Analysis and Geometric Methods in Deterministic Optimal Control held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications in February 8-17, 1993. The topics include both geometric and nonsmooth analysis techniques in various problems of optimal control and stabilization for nonlinear dynamical systems governed by ordinary and partial differential equations and differential inclusions.

• Volume 79: Environmental Studies: Mathematical, Computational, and Statistical Analysis
Editor: Mary Fanett Wheeler

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Environmental protection has become an universal issue with world-wide support. Destruction of the stratospheric ozone-layer, global increase in carbon dioxide and other radiatively important trace gases, acid rain, urban smog, water pollution of various types, and improper disposal of toxic wastes have all been shown as pressing problems. Environmental studies have now bridged the realms of academic research and societal applications. Mathematical modeling and large-scale data collection and analysis lie at the core of all environmental studies. Unfortunately, scientists, mathematicians, and engineers immersed in developing and applying environmental models, computaional methods, statistical techniques and computational hardware advance with separate and often discordant paces. The IMA Summer Program on Environmental Studies Workshop was designed to provide a much needed interdisciplinary forum for joint exploration of recent advances in this field.

This IMA volume includes a collection of twenty papers which address recent advances in the formulation and application of (A) environmental models, (B) environmental data and assimilation, (C) stochastic modeling and optimization, (D) Global climate modeling.

• Volume 80: Image Models (and their Speech Model Cousins)
Editors: Stephen E. Levinson and Larry Shepp

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume is an attempt to explore the interface between two diverse areas of applied mathematics which are both "customers " of the maximum likelihood methodology: emission tomography (on the one hand) and hidden Markov models as an approach to speech understanding (on the other hand). There are other areas where maximum likelihood is used, some of which are represented in this volume: parsing of text (Jelinek), microstructure of materials (Ji), DNA sequencing (Nelson). Most of the participants were in the main areas of speech or emission density reconstruction. Of course there are many other areas where maximum likelihood is used which are not represented here.

• Volume 81: Genetic Mapping and DNA Sequencing
Editors: Terry Speed and Michael S. Waterman
Contents:   pdf     postscript

Genetic mapping, physical mapping and DNA sequencing are the three key components of the human and other genome projects. Statistics, mathematics and computing play important roles in all three, as well as in the uses to which the mapping and sequencing data are put. This volume reviews recent progress in the area, with an emphasis on the theory and application of genetic mapping.

• Volume 82: Mathematical Approaches to Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics
Editors: Jill P. Mesirov, Klaus Schulten, and De Witt Sumners

Contents:   pdf     postscript

The revolutionary progress in molecular biology within the last 30 years opens the way to full understanding of the molecular structures and mechanisms of living organisms. Interdisciplinary research in mathematics and molecular biology is driven by ever growing experimental, theoretical and computational power. The mathematical sciences accompany and support much of the progress achieved by experiments and computations, as well as provide insight into geometric and topological properties of biomolecular structures and processes. This volume consists of a representative sample of the papers presented during week 3 (Protein Structure and Dynamics, organized by Jill P. Mesirov and Klaus Schulten) and week 4 (Topology and Geometry of DNA and RNA, organized by De Witt Sumners) of the month-long IMA Summer 1994 Program in Molecular Biology. The papers in this volume cover the spectrum from experiment to computation to simulation to theory.

• Volume 83: Mathematics in Industrial Problems, Part 8
by Avner Friedman

This is the eight volume in Avner Friedman's collection of Mathematics in Industrial Problems. These books aim to foster interaction between industry and mathematics at the "grass root" level of specific problems. The problems presented in this book arise from models developed by industrial scientists engaged in research and development of new or improved products. The author's sources are affiliated with a variety of industrial enterprises including IBM Research Center and Columbia University, Engineering Computer Corporation (Warrensville Hts., Ohio), Eastman Kodak, IBM Research (Yorktown Heights), Electronic Data Systems, Ford Motor Company, Schlumberger-Doll Research, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, AT&T Bell Laboratories, North Carolina Supercomputing Center (Research Triangle Park), General Motors Research and Development Center, Motorola Advanced Custom Technologies, 3M Company, Alliant Techsystems

The topics explored in this volume include several issues in semiconductors such as etching/deposition, failure in metal lines, and randomized algorithms in printed circuit board, surface modeling and geometric variability in manufacturing, robots and mechanisms, cellular mobile radio, signal masking in chaotic dynamical systems, geophysical prospecting, fluid flow and aeroacoustic, crystal growth, chemical filtration, and deformation of metals.

Open problems and references to mathematical literature are incorporated into most of the chapters. The final chapter contains solutions to problems raised in Part 7, Mathematics in Industrial Problems Mathematics in Industrial Problems, published in the IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications. Volume 67.

• Volume 84: Classical and Modern Branching Processes
Editors: Krishna B. Athreya and Peter Jagers

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains most of the papers presented at the IMA workshop on Classical and Modern Branching Processes, June 13-17 1994. As the papers indicate, branching processes is an active area of research both with its own problems as well as a number of new applications such as Tree structures, Algorithms, Disordered systems, Data storage, Spinglass models, and Dependencies in biological population dynamics. Many open problems are indicated here that should make the present volume a catalyst for much future research in Branching Processes.

• Volume 85: Stochastics Models in Geosystems
Editors: Stanislav A. Molchanov and Wojbor A. Woyczynski

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains edited proceedings of a workshop on Stochastic Models in Geosystems held during the week of May 16, 1994 at the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications at the University of Minnesota. The authors represent a broad interdisciplinary spectrum including mathematics, statistics, physics, geophysics, astrophysics, atmospheric physics, fluid mechanics, seismology, and oceanography. The common underlying theme was stochastic modeling of geophysical phenomena and papers appearing in this volume reflect a number of research directions that are currently pursued in these areas. From the methodological mathematical viewpoint most of the contributions fall within the areas of wave propagation in random media, passive scalar transport in random velocity flows, dynamical systems with random forcing and self-similarity concepts, including multifractals.

• Volume 86: Computational Wave Propagation
Editors: Bjorn Engquist and Gregory A. Kriegsmann
Contents:   pdf     postscript

The papers contained in this volume represent a snap-shot of current applied mathematical research in wave propagation and scattering. Although the mathematical underpinnings of the research contained herein are rooted in classical asymptotic and numerical analyses, each author is motivated by a complex technological problem which requires a resolution. The problems range from using underwater sound to monitor and predict global warming, to periodically embedding phase-sensitive amplifiers in optical fibers to insure long range digital communication. Such variety shows that wave propagation and scattering remain vital and important areas of mathematical and scientific endeavors.

• Volume 87: Progress in Population Genetics and Human Evolution
Editors: Peter Donnelly and Simon Tavaré

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains a series of papers devoted to the collection, interpretation and analysis of population genetic data. Among the topics included here are studies on human evolutionary history, molecular techniques for generating data, statistical and computational techniques for the interpretation of such data, and stochastic models for genealogy and population structure. The papers reflect the close interaction between experimental molecular biologists and theoreticians. The papers will be useful for specialists in the area, as well as mathematicians, statistician s, computer scientists and biologists wanting a brief overview of current problems in the field.

• Volume 88: Mathematics in Industrial Problems, Part 9
by Avner Friedman

This is the ninth volume in Avner Friedman's collection of Mathematics in Industrial Problems. These books aim to foster interaction between industry and mathematics at the "grass root" level of specific problems. The problems presented in this book arise from models developed by industrial scientists engaged in research and development of new or improved products. The author's sources are affiliated with a variety of industrial enterprises including Lucent Industries, IBM, 3M, Ford Motor Company, Eastman Kodak, Honeywell, Motorola, Lockheed Martin, General Electric, and Schlumberger-Doll Research

The topics explored in this volume include diffusion in porous media and in rubber/glass transition, coating flows, solvation of molecules, semiconductor processing, optoelectronics, photographic images, density-functional theory, sphere packing, performance evaluation, causal networks, electrical well logging, general positioning system, sensor management, pursuit-evasion algorithms, and nonlinear viscoelasticity.

Open problems and references to mathematical literature are incorporated into most of the chapters. The final chapter contains solutions to problems raised in previous parts of the series Mathematics in Industrial Problems, published in the IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications.

• Volume 89: Multiparticle Quantum Scattering with Applications to Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics
Editors: Donald G. Truhlar and Barry Simon
Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume presents the proceedings of a workshop held at the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications. This institute is founded by the National Science Foundation to promote the interchange of ideas between applied mathematics and the other sciences. The present volume fits in that framework by bringing together ideas of mathematicians, physicists, and chemists in the area of multiparticle scattering theory. Scattering theory (or collision theory as it is often called) is a fundamental area of theory and computation in both physics and chemistry. The correct formulation of scattering theory for two-body collisions is now well worked out, but systems with three or more particles still present fundamental unmet challenges, both in the formulations of the problem and in the interpretation of computational results. A key issue in the mathematical foundations is asymptotic completenes, which says that any state of a quantum system is a superposition of bound and scattering states. Key issues on the physical side are concerned with boundary conditions, electromagnetic fields, effective potentials, and resonances.

The volume begins with two tutorials, one on mathematical issues, including cluster decompositions and asymptotic completeness, in N-body quantum systems and the other on computational approaches to quantum scattering. Later chapters are concerned with wavepacket quantum mechanics and time evolution operators, classical action, collisions in laser fields and in magnetic fields, laser-induced processes, barrier resonances, complex dilated expansions, effective potentials for nuclear collisions, long-range potentials, and the Pauli Principle.

The publisher and the symposium organizers hope that this volume will contribute to increasing dialog between mathematicians, physicists, and chemists interested in collisions and scattering in systems with three or more particles.

• Volume 90: Inverse Problems in Wave Propagation
Editors: Guy Chavent, George Papanicolaou, Paul Sacks, and William Symes

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Inverse problems in wave propagation concern extraction of information about distant structural features from the measurements of scattered waves. Tasks of this nature arise in geophysics, ocean acoustics, civil and environmental engineering, ultrasonic nondestructive testing, biomedical ultrasonics, radar, astrophysics, and other areas of science and technology.

The papers in this volume represent most of these scientific and technical topics, together with fundamental mathematical investigations of the relation between waves and scatterers.

• Volume 91: Singularities and Oscillations
Editors: Jeffrey Rauch, Michael Taylor
Contents:   pdf     postscript

The study of singularities and oscillations of waves has progressed along several fronts. A key common feature is the presence of a small scale in the solutions. Recent emphasis has been on nonlinear waves. Nonlinear problems are generally less amenable than linear problems to broad unified approaches. As a result there is a justifiable tendency to concentrate on problems of particular geometric or physical interest. This volume contains a multiplicity of approaches brought to bear on problems varying from the formation of caustics and the propagation of waves at a boundary to the examination of viscous boundary layers. There is an examination of the foundations of the theory of high-frequency electromagnetic waves in a dielectric or semiconducting medium. Unifying themes are not entirely absent from nonlinear analysis. One paper here considers microlocal analysis, including paradifferential operator calculus, on Morrey spaces, and connections with various classes of partial differential equations.

• Volume 92: Large Scale Optimization with Applications, Part I: Optimization in Inverse Problems and Design
Editors: Lorenz T. Biegler, Thomas F. Coleman, Andrew R. Conn, and Fadil Santosa

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Inverse problems and optimal design have come of age as a consequence of the availability of better, more accurate, and more efficient, simulation packages. Many of these simulators, which can run on small workstations, can capture the complicated behavior of the physical systems they are modeling, and have become commonplace tools in engineering and science. There is a great desire to use them as part of a process by which measured field data are analyzed or by which design of a product is automated. A major obstacle in doing precisely this is that one is ultimately confronted with a large-scale optimization problem. This volume contains expository articles on both inverse problems and design problems formulated as optimization. Each paper describes the physical problem in some detail and is meant to be accessible to researchers in optimization as well as those who work in applied areas where optimization is a key tool. What emerges in the presentations is that there are features about the problem that must be taken into account in posing the objective function, and in choosing an optimization strategy. In particular there are certain structures peculiar to the problems that deserve special treatment, and there is ample opportunity for parallel computation.

• Volume 93: Large Scale Optimization with Applications, Part II: Optimal Design and Control
Editors: Lorenz T. Biegler, Thomas F. Coleman, Andrew R. Conn, and Fadil Santosa

Contents:   pdf     postscript

The workshop on optimization applications for design and control was made up of specialists in optimization and practitioners in the fields of aerospace engineering, chemical engineering, and fluid and solid mechanics. The major themes included an assessment of the state of the art in optimization algorithms as well as challenging applications in design and control, in the areas of process engineering and systems with partial differential equation models, The papers in this volume represent a balanced selection from the above application areas as well as contributions that survey the state of the art in relevent areas of nonlinear programming.

• Volume 94: Large Scale Optimization with Applications, Part III: Molecular Structure and Optimization
Editors: Lorenz T. Biegler, Thomas F. Coleman, Andrew R. Conn, and Fadil Santosa
Contents:   pdf     postscript

Many important molecular conformation problems, such as protein folding, are expressed as global minimization problems. It is the fact that local minimization is insufficient, that markedly differentiates this volume from Parts I and II which appeared as IMA Volumes 92 and 93, respectively.

Unfortunately, global minimization problems that result from models of molecular conformation are usually intractable. For example, simple 1-dimensional versions of distance conformation problems are NP-hard. Nevertheless, there has been significant recent progress in the design of promising heuristic strategies (often involving the use of high-performance parallel computers) for computing approximate global minimizers. The purpose of the sessions represented in this volume was to discuss the new algorithmic advances for global minimization in the context of protein folding and related molecular minimization problems. Emphasis was on practical shortcomings of current approaches, outstanding problems and questions, and the use of high-performance parallel computers.

• Volume 95: Quasiclassical Methods
Editors: Jeffrey Rauch and Barry Simon
Contents:   pdf     postscript

The articles in this volume explore the various aspects of quasiclassical methods such as approximate theories for large Coulomb systems, Schr\"odinger operator with magnetic wells, ground state energy of heavy molecules in strong magnetic field, and methods with emphasis on coherent states. Included are also mathematical theories dealing with $h$-pseudodifferential operators, asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues in gaps, a proof of the strong Scott conjecture, Lieb-Thirring inequalities for the Pauli operator, and local trace formulae.

• Volume 96: Wave Propagation in Complex Media
Editor: George Papanicolaou
Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume combines the proceedings of two workshops. One devoted to wavelets, multigrid and other fast algorithms (multipole, FFT) and their use in wave propagation, and another devoted to waves in random waves and other complex media.

Majority of the chapters deal with the effects of inhomogeneities of wave propagation both theoretically and computationally. They include topics such as waves in random media, coherent effects in scattering for random systems with discrete spectrum, interaction of microwaves with sea ice, scattering in magnetic field, surface waves, seismograms envelopes, backscattering, polarization mode dispersions, and spatio-temporal distribution of seismic power. Several articles describes numerical methods, such as fast algorithm for solving electromagnetic scattering problems, and the panel clustering methods in 3-d BEM.

• Volume 97: Random Sets: Theory and Applications
Editors: John Goutsias, Ronald P.S. Mahler, and Hung T. Nguyen

Contents:   pdf     postscript

On August 22-24, 1996, an international group of researchers convened, under the auspices of the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications (IMA), in Minneapolis, Minnesota, for a scientific workshop on the "Applications and Theory of Random Sets." The articles in this volume address theoretical and applied aspects of this field in diverse areas of applications such as Image Modeling and Analysis, Information/Data Fusion, and Theoretical Statistics and Expert Systems. Emphasis is given to potential applications in engineering problems of practical interest. This volume is of interest to mathematicians, engineers and scientists who are interested in the potential application of random set theory to practical problems in imaging, information fusion, and expert systems.

• Volume 98: Particulate Flows: Processing and Rheology
Editors: Donald A. Drew, Daniel D. Joseph, and Stephen L. Passman

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume presents the proceedings of a workshop held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications. This institute is founded by the National Science Foundation to promote the interchange of ideas between applied mathematics and the other sciences. The present volume fits in that framework by bringing together ideas of mathematicians and researchers in the physical scientists in the area of particulate flow and rheology.

Flow of particles in a fluid occur in food processing, catalytic processing, slurries, coating, paper manufacturing, particle injection molding and filter operation. In many of these processes, the rheology of such materials as they undergo transport and processing is important in design, operation, and efficiency. Consequently, using these materials represents a technological challenge.

In spite of the phenomenal advances in computation and computers, simulation of the motion of more than a few particles in a fluid is impractical. Therefore, effective media models and two-fluid models are important in the description of particle-fluid flows.

The volume offers papers addressing issues of ensemble averaging, microstructure behavior, and the analysis of two-continuua models. The span of practical to theoretical approaches to particulate flow makes this volume appeal to researchers interested in deriving or applying particulate flow models.

The publisher and the symposium organizers hope that this volume will contribute to increasing dialog between mathematicians and physical scientists interested in particulate flow.

• Volume 99: Mathematics of Multiscale Materials
Editors: Kenneth M. Golden, Geoffrey R. Grimmett, Richard D. James, Graeme W. Milton, and Pabitra N. Sen
Contents:   pdf     postscript

Polycrystalline metals, porous rocks, colloidal suspensions, epitaxial thin films, gels, foams, granular aggregates, sea ice, shape-memory metals, magnetic materials, and electro-rheological fluids are all examples of materials where an understanding of the mathematics on the different length scales is a key to interpreting their physical behavior. In their analysis of these media, scientists coming from a number of disciplines have encountered similar mathematical problems, yet it is rare for researchers in the various fields to meet. The 1995-96 program at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications was devoted to Mathematical Methods in Materials Science, and was attended by material scientists, physicists, geologists, chemists, engineers, and mathematicians. The present volume contains papers which have emerged from four of the workshops held during the year, focusing on the following areas: Disordered Materials; Interfaces and Thin Films; Mechanical Response of Materials from Angstroms to Meters; and Phase Transformation, Composite Materials and Microstructure. The scales treated in these workshops ranged from the atomic to the microstructural to the macroscopic, the microstructures from ordered to random, and the treatments from "purely" theoretical to the highly applied. Taken together, these works form a compelling and broad account of many aspects of the science of multiscale materials, and will hopefully inspire research across the self-imposed barriers of twentieth century science.

• Volume 100: Mathematics in Industrial Problems, Part 10
by Avner Friedman

This is the tenth volume in Avner Friedman's collection of Mathematics in Industrial Problems. These books aim to foster interaction between industry and mathematics at the "grass root" level of specific problems. The problems presented in this book arise from models developed by industrial scientists engaged in research and development of new or improved products. The author's sources are affiliated with a variety of industrial enterprises including Motorola, IBM, Ford Motor Company, Eastman Kodak, 3M, AT\&T Labs, Honeywell, and Schlumberger-Doll Research.

The topics explored in this volume include semiconductor devices and micro-accelerometers, computational aeroacoustics, coating flows, coalescence, electrorheological fluids, mass transport in particle-loaded beds, metal cutting processes, network traffic analysis, risk management, micromagnetics and cooling systems.

Open problems and references to mathematical literature are incorporated into most of the chapters. The final chapter contains solutions to problems raised in previous parts of the series Mathematics in Industrial Problems, published in the IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications.

• Volume 101: Nonlinear Optical Materials
Editor: Jerome V. Moloney

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Mathematical methods play a significant role in the rapidly growing field of nonlinear optical materials. This volume discusses a number of successful or promising contributions. The overall theme of this volume is twofold: (1) the challenges faced in computing and optimizing nonlinear optical material properties; and (2) the exploitation of these properties in important areas of application. These include the design of optical amplifiers and lasers, as well as novel optical switches. Research topics in this volume include how to exploit the magnetooptic effect, how to work with the nonlinear optical response of materials, how to predict laser-induced breakdown in efficient optical devices, and how to handle electron cloud distortion in femtosecond processes.

• Volume 102: Numerical Methods for Polymeric Systems
Editor: Stuart G. Whittington

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Polymers occur in many different states and their physical properties are strongly correlated with their conformations. The theoretical investigation of the conformational properties of polymers is a difficult task and numerical methods play an important role in this field. This book contains contributions from a workshop on numerical methods for polymeric systems, held at the IMA in May 1996, which brought together chemists, physicists, mathematicians, computer scientists and statisticians with a common interest in numerical methods.

The two major approaches used in the field are molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods, and the book includes reviews of both approaches as well as applications to particular polymeric systems. The molecular dynamics approach solves the Newtonian equations of motion of the polymer, giving direct information about the polymer dynamics as well as about static properties. The Monte Carlo approaches discussed in this book all involve sampling along a Markov chain defined on the configuration space of the system. An important feature of the book is the treatment of Monte Carlo methods, including umbrella sampling and multiple Markov chain methods, which are useful for strongly interacting systems such as polymers at low temperatures and in compact phases.

The book is of interest to workers in polymer statistical mechanics and also to a wider audience interested in numerical methods and their application in polymeric systems.

• Volume 103: Topology and Geometry in Polymer Science
Editors: Stuart G. Whittington, De Witt Sumners, and Timothy Lodge

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This book contains contributions from a workshop on topology and geometry of polymers, held at the IMA in June 1996, which brought together topologists, combinatorialists, theoretical physicists and polymer scientists, with a common interest in polymer topology.

Polymers can be highly self-entangled even in dilute solution. In the melt the inter- and intra-chain entanglements can dominate the rheological properties and it is important to develop a deeper theoretical understanding of these phenomena. Although the possibility of knotting in ring polymers has been recognised for more than thirty years it is only recently that the powerful methods of algebraic topology have been used in treating models of polymers. This book contains a series of papers which review the current state of the field and give an up to date account of what is known and, perhaps more importantly, what is still unknown. The field abounds with open problems.

The book is of interest to workers in polymer statistical mechanics but will also be useful as an introduction to topological methods for polymer scientists, and will introduce mathematicians to an area of science where topological approaches are making a substantial contribution.

• Volume 104: Essays on Mathematical Robotics
Editors: John Baillieul, Shankar S. Sastry, and Hector J. Sussmann

Contents:   pdf     postscript

The chapters in this book present an excellent exposition of recent developments in both robotics and nonlinear control centering around (i) "hyper-redundancy", (ii) highly oscillatory inputs, (iii) optimal control, (iv) exterior differential systems, and (v) the use of generic loops. The principal topics covered in the book are:

• Adaptive control for a class of nonlinear systems (Chapter 1),
• Event-based motion planning (Chapter 2),
• Nonlinear control synthesis and path planning in robotics-with special emphasis on nonholonomic and 'hyper-redundant' robotic systems (Chapters 3-5),
• Control design and stabilization of driftless affine control systems (of the type arising in the kinematic control of nonholonomic robotic systems) (Chapters 6-7),
• Control design methods for Hamiltonian systems (Chapters 8-9), and
• Exterior differential systems (Chapter 10). This chapter contains a detailed introduction to the use of exterior differential methods, including the Goursat and extended Goursat normal forms and their application to path planning for nonholonomic systems.

• Volume 105: Algorithms for Parallel Processing
Editors: Robert S. Schreiber, Michael T. Heath, and Abhiram Ranade
Contents:   pdf     postscript

This book's chapters offer a wide-ranging tour of recent developments in the very rapidly growing and changing field of parallel algorithms. They cover the following general areas:

• models and mechanisms for parallel machines (Chapters 1-4),
• discrete and combinatorial algorithms (Chapters 5-7),
• mathematical issues in parallelizing compilers (Chapter 8),
• parallel algorithms for matrix computation, differential equations, random number generation, and Fourier methods (Chapters 9-14),
• new parallel computer systems and software (Chapters 15-16).

• Volume 106: Parallel Processing of Discrete Problems
Editor: Panos Pardalos
Contents:   pdf     postscript

In the past two decades, breakthroughs in computer technology have made a tremendous impact on optimization. In particular, availability of parallel computers has created substantial interest in exploring the use of parallel processing for solving discrete and global optimization problems. The collection of articles in this volume covers a broad spectrum of recent research in parallel processing of discrete and related problems. The topics discussed include distributed branch-and-bound algorithms, parallel genetic algorithms for large scale discrete problems, simulated annealing, parallel branch-and-bound search under limited-memory constraints, parallelization of greedy randomized adaptive search procedures, parallel optical models of computing, randomized parallel algorithms, general techniques for the design of parallel discrete algorithms, parallel algorithms for the solution of quadratic assignment and satisfiability problems. The book will be a valuable source of information to faculty, students and researchers in combinatorial optimization and related areas.

• Volume 107: The Mathematics of Information Coding, Extraction, and Distribution
Editors: George Cybenko, Dianne O'Leary, and Jorma Rissanen

Contents:   pdf     postscript

High performance computing consumes and generates vast amounts of data, and the storage, retrieval, and transmission of these data are major obstacles to effective use of computing power. Challenges inherent in all of these operations are security, speed, reliability, authentication, and reproducibility. This workshop focused on a wide variety of technical results aimed at meeting these challenges. Topics ranging from the mathematics of coding theory to the practicalities of copyright preservation for Internet resources drew spirited discussion and interaction among experts in diverse but related fields. We hope this volume contributes to continuing this dialogue.

• Volume 108: Rational Drug Design
Editors: Donald G. Truhlar, W. Jeffrey Howe, Anthony J. Hopfinger, Jeff Blaney, and Richard A. Dammkoehler

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Drug research and discovery are of critical importance in human health care. Computational approaches for drug lead discovery and optimization have proven successful in many recent research programs. These methods have grown in their effectiveness not only because of improved understanding of the basic science - the biological events and molecular interactions that define a target for therapeutic intervention - but also because of advances in algorithms, representations, and mathematical procedures for studying such processes. This volume surveys some of those advances. A broad landscape of high-profile topics in computer-assisted molecular design (CAMD) directed to drug design are included.

Subject areas represented in the volume include receptor-based applications such as binding energy approximations, molecular docking, and de novo design; non-receptor-based applications such as molecular similarity; molecular dynamics simulations; solvation and partitioning of a solute between aqueous and nonpolar media; graph theory; non-linear multidimensional optimization, processing of information obtained from simulation studies, global optimization and search strategies, and performance enhancement through parallel computing.

• Volume 109: Emerging Applications of Number Theory
Editors: Dennis A. Hejhal, Joel Friedman, Martin C. Gutzwiller, and Andrew M. Odlyzko

Contents:   pdf     postscript

Most people tend to view number theory as the very paradigm of pure mathematics. With the advent of computers, however, number theory has been finding an increasing number of applications in practical settings, such as in cryptography, random number generation, coding theory, and even concert hall acoustics. Yet other applications are still emerging - providing number theorists with some major new areas of opportunity.

The 1996 IMA summer program on Emerging Applications of Number Theory was aimed at stimulating further work with some of these newest (and most attractive) applications.

Concentration was on number theory's recent links with:

(a) wave phenomena in quantum mechanics (more specifically, quantum chaos); and

(b) graph theory (especially expander graphs and related spectral

This volume contains the contributed papers from that meeting and will be of interest to anyone intrigued by novel applications of modern number-theoretical techniques.

• Volume 110: Computational Radiology and Imaging: Therapy and Diagnostics
Editors: Christoph Börgers and Frank Natterer

Contents:   pdf     postscript

The articles collected in this volume are based on lectures at the IMA Workshop "Computational Radiology and Imaging: Therapy and Diagnostics," March 17-21, 1997. Introductory articles by the editors have been added. The focus is on inverse problems involving electromagnetic radiation and particle beams, with applications to X-ray tomography, nuclear medicine, near-infrared imaging, microwave imaging, electron microscopy, and radiation therapy planning.

Mathematical and computational tools and models which play important roles in this volume include the X-ray transform and other integral transforms, the linear Boltzmann equation and, for near-infrared imaging, its diffusion approximation, iterative methods for large linear and non-linear least-squares problems, iterative methods for linear feasibility problems, and optimization methods.

The volume is intended not only for mathematical scientists and engineers working on these and related problems, but also for non-specialists. It contains much introductory expository material, and a large number of references. Many unsolved computational and mathematical problems of substantial practical importance are pointed out.

• Volume 111: Evolutionary Algorithms
Editors: Lawrence David Davis, Kenneth De Jong, Michael D. Vose and L. Darrell Whitley

Contents:   pdf     postscript

The IMA Workshop on Evolutionary Algorithms brought together many of the top researchers working in the area of Evolutionary Computation for a week of intensive interaction. The field of Evolutionary Computation has developed significantly over the past 30 years and today consists a variety of subfields such as genetic algorithms, evolution strategies, evolutionary programming, and genetic programming, each with their own algorithmic perspectives and goals.

The workshop did a great deal to clarify the current state of the theory in Evolutionary Algorithms. The existing theory might be characterized as deriving from two principal approaches. There is a high level macro-theory that looks at the processing of "building blocks" and "schemata" that are shared by many good solutions when searching a problem space. There is also a low level micro-theory that builds exact Markov models of the search process. It is sometimes hard for researchers working at such different levels of abstraction to interact. The IMA workshop allowed researchers working at these different levels to present their points of view and to move toward common ground.

There was real progress was in communication between theorist and practitioners in the evolutionary computation field. Speakers presented applications across a wide range of problem areas. In some of those cases, theoretically motivated methods work quite well. In other cases, practitioners used domain-based methods to obtain better performance than could be achieved by using a "pure" evolutionary algorithm. Individuals on both sides went away with a better appreciation of the successes and failures of current theory. The workshop should help to change what practitioners say about the current state of theory in the field.

• Volume 112: Statistics in Genetics
Editors: M. Elizabeth Halloran and Seymour Geisser

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains refereed papers from a workshop on Statistics in Genetics held as part of the six-week symposium on Statistics in the Health Sciences held by the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications in the summer of 1997. The week on genetics provided a forum for lively discussion among an unusual mix of statistical scientists and population geneticists.

The field of statistical genetics is growing and expanding. Though the Genome Project will eventually result in the sequencing of the human genome, as well as the genomes of several other organisms, there will still be a need for good statistics for family studies of complex diseases. Of special interest is the growing recognition of the potential role of interaction of mitochondrial genes with nuclear genes to produce many chronic or degenerative disorders. There is still much room for improving model building in phylogenetics analysis, particularly in understanding inference in this arena. The use of statistics for assessing identification in criminal and paternity cases through DNA is also becoming more widespread. The controversy over these methods are likely to rage for many years to come.

The papers in this volume are contributions by some of the leading researchers in the field to the current topics in in statistical genetics. One section deals with DNA sequence matching and issues related to forensics. Another group of papers deals with statistical problems of modeling phylogenies and inferential difficulties related to the complex tree structures produced, as well as the method of coalecence. Another group of papers are concerned with human genetics, including the identification of disease genes, and the genetics of cancer.

• Volume 113: Grid Generation and Adaptive Algorithms
Editors: Marshall Bern, Joseph E. Flaherty, and Mitchell Luskin

Contents:   pdf     postscript

The papers in this volume are based on lectures given at the IMA Workshop on Grid Generation and Adaptive Algorithms held during April 28-May 2, 1997. Grid generation is a common feature of many computational tasks which require the discretization and representation of space and surfaces. The papers in this volume discuss how the geometric complexity of the physical object or the non-uniform nature of the solution variable make it impossible to use a uniform grid. Since an efficient grid requires knowledge of the computed solution, many of the papers in this volume treat how to construct grids that are adaptively computed with the solution.

This volume will be of interest to computational scientists and mathematicians working in a broad variety of applications including fluid mechanics, solid mechanics, materials science, chemistry, and physics. Papers treat residual-based error estimation and adaptivity, repartitioning and load balancing for adaptive meshes, data structures and local refinement methods for conservation laws, adaptivity for hp-finite element methods, the resolution of boundary layers in high Reynolds number flow, adaptive methods for elastostatic contact problems, the full domain partition approach to parallel adaptive refinement, the adaptive solution of phase change problems, and quality indicators for triangular meshes.

• Volume 114: Diagnosis and Prediction
Editor: Seymour Geisser

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains refereed papers submitted by participants of the third week of a six week workshop on Statistics in the Health Sciences held by the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications in Minneapolis, Minnesota during July of 1997. This week was devoted to the closely related topics of Diagnosis and Prediction.

Theoretical and applied statisticians from Universities, Medical and Public Health Schools, government and private research institutions, and pharmaceutical companies involved in prediction problems in the life and social sciences and in diagnostic and screening tests were brought together to discuss and exchange new results and information on these important issues. A number of papers with applications were presented and especially lively discussions ensued involving the critical issues and difficulties in using and interpreting diagnostic tests and implementing mass screening programs. Both frequentist and Bayesian approaches were employed.

The importance of predicting or controlling future events such as survival, comparative survival and survival post intervention for a disease or even for certain biological or natural events is growing rapidly. This area of concern was also represented by participants who presented work that devised predictive methodology for a variety of problems mainly from a Bayesian perspective.

• Volume 115: Pattern Formation in Continuous and Coupled Systems: A Survey Volume
Editors: Martin Golubitsky, Dan Luss, and Steven H. Strogatz

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains a number of mini-review articles authored by speakers and attendees at the IMA workshop on Pattern Formation in Continuous and Coupled Systems. Pattern formation has been studied intensively for most of this century by both experimentalists and theoreticians. This workshop focused on new directions in the patterns literature. Systems that generate new types of pattern such as discrete coupled systems, systems with global coupling, and combustion experiments were stressed, as were new types of pattern.

The mini-reviews in this volume are intended to be pointers to the current literature for researchers at all levels and to have extensive bibliographies. They are also intended to discuss why certain subjects are currently exciting and worthy of additional research.

• Volume 116: Statistical Models in Epidemiology, the Environment and Clinical Trials
Editors: M. Elizabeth Halloran and Donald Berry

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains refereed papers by participants in the two weeks on Clinical Trials and one week on Epidemiology and the Environment held as part of the six weeks workshop on Statistics in the Health Sciences at the Institute for Mathematics and its Application (IMA) in the summer 1997. Donald Berry was in charge of the weeks on clinical trials, and Elizabeth Halloran organized the week on epidemiology and the environment. The collection includes a major contribution from Jamie Robins, Andrea Rotnitzky, and Daniel Scharfstein on sensitivity analysis for selection bias and unmeasured confounding in missing data and causal inference models. In another paper, Jamie Robins presents a new class of causal models called marginal structural models. Alan Hubbard, Mark van der Laan, and Jamie Robins present a methodology for consistent and efficient estimation of treatment-specific survival functions in observational settings. Brian Leroux, Xingye Lei, and Norman Breslow present a new mixed model for spatial dependence for estimating disease rates in small areas. Andrew Lawson and Allan Clark demonstrate Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods for clustering in spatial epidemiology. Colin Chen, David Chock, and Sandra Winkler present a simulation study examining confounding in estimation of the epidemiologic effect of air pollution. Dalene Stangl discusses issues in the use of reference priors and Bayes factors in analyzing clinical trials. Stephen George reviews the role of surrogate endpoints in cancer clinical trials.

• Volume 117: Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement (SAMR) Grid Methods
Editors: Scott B. Baden, Nikos P. Chrisochoides, Dennis B. Gannon, and Michael L. Norman

Contents:   pdf     postscript

This volume contains papers from a workshop on Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement (SAMR) held by the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications in the Spring of 1997.

Structured adaptive mesh refinement (SAMR) methods have matured over the past 20 years and are now the method of choice for certain difficult problems, such as compressible flow. SAMR presents difficult technical challenges, both in terms of the numerical techniques involved and the complexity of the programming effort, especially on parallel computers. In order to gain insight into managing these difficulties, much research effort has been directed at mesh generation, parallel computation, and improvements in accuracy, aimed primarily at refinement interfaces. A major stumbling block in this endeavor is that many of these techniques entail substantial amounts of problem specific detail. Standardization is highly unlikely, except within narrowly defined problem domains.

The papers presented in this collection are based on talks given at the Workshop on Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement Grid Methods, held at the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications, University of Minnesota, on March 12-13, 1997. They describe research to improve the general understanding of the application of SAMR to practical problems; identify issues critical to efficient and effective implementation on high performance computers; stimulate the development of a community code repository for software including benchmarks to assist in the evaluation of software and compiler technologies. The ten Chapters of this volume have been divided into two parts reflecting two major issues in the topic: (I) programming complexity of SAMR algorithms and (II) applicability and numerical challenges of SAMR methods. Part I presents three programming environments and two libraries that address the concerns of efficient execution and reduced software development times of SAMR applications. Part II describes an overview of applications that can benefit from SAMR methods, ranging from crack propagation and industrial boilers to the evolution of a cluster of galaxies.

• Volume 118: Dynamics of Algorithms
Editors: Rafael de la Llave, Linda R. Petzold, and Jens Lorenz

Contents:   pdf     postscript

The articles collected in this volume represent the contributions presented at the IMA workshop on "Dynamics of Algorithms" which took place in November 1997. The workshop was an integral part of the 1997-98 IMA program on "Emerging Applications of Dynamical Systems."

The interaction between algorithms and dynamical systems is mutually beneficial since dynamical methods can be used to study algorithms that are applied repeatedly. Convergence, asymptotic rates are indeed dynamical properties. On the other hand, the study of dynamical systems benefits enormously from having efficient algorithms to compute dynamical objects.

• Volume 119: Numerical Methods for Bifurcation Problems and Large-Scale Dynamical Systems
Editors: Eusebius Doedel and Laurette S. Tuckerman

Contents:   pdf     postscript     Purchase Information

The Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) devoted its 1997-1998 program to Emerging Applications of Dynamical Systems. Dynamical systems theory and related numerical algorithms provide powerful tools for studying the solution behavior of differential equations and mappings. In the past 25 years computational methods have been developed for calculating fixed points, limit cycles, and bifurcation points. A remaining challenge is to develop robust methods for calculating more complicated objects, such as higher-codimension bifurcations of fixed points, periodic orbits, and connecting orbits, as well as the calculation of invariant manifolds. Another challenge is to extend the applicability of algorithms to the very large systems that result from discretizing partial differential equations. Even the calculation of steady states and their linear stability can be prohibitively expensive for large systems (e.g. 103-106 equations) if attempted by simple direct methods.

Several of the papers in this volume treat computational methods for low and high dimensional systems and, in some cases, their incorporation into software packages. A few papers treat fundamental theoretical problems, including smooth factorization of matrices, self-organized criticality, and unfolding of singular heteroclinic cycles. Other papers treat applications of dynamical systems computations in various scientific fields, such as biology, chemical engineering, fluid mechanics, and mechanical engineering.

• Volume 120: Parallel Solution of Partial Differential Equations
Editors: Petter Bjørstad and Mitchell Luskin

Contents:   pdf     postscript     Purchase Information

The papers in this volume are based on lectures given at the IMA workshop on the Parallel Solution of PDE during June 9-13, 1997. The numerical solution of partial differential equations has been of major importance to the development of many technologies and has been the target of much of the development of parallel computer hardware and software. Parallel computer offers the promise of greatly increased performance and the routine calculation of previously intractable problems.

This volume contains papers on the development and assessment of new approximation and solution techniques that can take advantage of parallel computers. It will be of interest to applied mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers concerned with investigating the state-of-the-art and future directions in numerical computing. Topics include domain decomposition methods, parallel multi-grid methods, front tracking methods, sparse matrix techniques, adaptive methods, fictitious domain methods, and novel time and space discretizations. Applications discussed include fluid dynamics, radiative transfer, solid mechanics, and semiconductor simulation.

• Volume 121: Mathematical Models for Biological Pattern Formation
Editors: Philip K. Maini and Hans G. Othmer

Contents:   pdf     postscript     Purchase Information

The formation of patterns in developing biological systems involves the spatio-temporal coordination of growth, cell-cell signalling, tissue movement, gene expression and cell differentiation. The interactions of these complex processes are generally nonlinear, and thus mathematical modelling and analysis are needed provide the framework in which to compute the outcome of different hypothesis on modes of interaction and to make experimentally testable predictions.

This collection contains papers exploring several aspects of the hierarchy of processes occurring during pattern fromation. A number of papers address the modelling of cell movement and deformation, with application to pattern formation within a collection of cells in response to external signalling cues. The results are considered in the context of pattern generation in {\em Dictyostelium discoideum} and bacterial colonies.

A number of models at the macroscopic level explore the possible mechanisms underlying spatio-temporal pattern generation in early development, focussing on primitive streak, somitogenesis, vertebrate limb development and pigmentation patterning. The latter two applications consider in detail the effects of growth on patterning.

The potential of models to generate more complex patterns are considered and models involving different modes of cell-cell signalling are investigated. Pattern selection is analysed in the context of chemical Turing patterns, which serve as a paradigm for morphogenesis and a model for vegetation patterns is presented.

• Volume 122: Multiple-Time-Scale Dynamical Systems
Editors: Christopher K.R.T. Jones and Alexander Khibnik

Contents:   pdf     postscript     Purchase Information

Systems with sub-processes evolving on many different time scales are ubiquitous in applications: chemical reactions, electro-optical and neurobiological systems, to name just a few. This volume contains papers that expose the state of the art in mathematical techniques for analyzing such systems. Recently developed geometric ideas are highlighted in work that includes a theory of relaxation-oscillation phenomena in higher dimensional phase spaces. Subtle exponentially small effects result from singular perturbations implicit in certain multiple time scale systems. Their role in the slow motion of fronts, bifurcations and jumping between invariant tori are all explored here. Neurobiology has played a particularly stimulating role in the development of these techniques and one paper is directed specifically at applying geometric singular perturbation theory to reveal the synchrony in networks of neural oscillators.

• Volume 123: Codes, Systems, and Graphical Models
Editors: Brian Marcus and Joachim Rosenthal

Contents:   pdf     postscript     Purchase Information

Coding theory, system theory and symbolic dynamics have much in common. Among the central themes in each of these subjects are the construction of state space representations, understanding of fundamental structural properties of sequence spaces, construction of input/output systems, and understanding the special role played by algebraic structure. A major new theme in this active area of research is that of codes and systems based on graphical models.

This volume contains articles from leading researchers at the interface of these subjects. The book contains survey articles for non-specialists as well as original research papers. Many of these papers were presented at the 1999 IMA Summer Workshop on Codes, Systems, and Graphical Models.

• Volume 124: Computational Modeling in Biological Fluid Dynamics
Editors: Lisa J. Fauci and Shay Gueron

Contents:   pdf     postscript     Purchase Information

This volume contains invited and refereed papers based upon presentations given in the IMA workshop on "Computational Modeling in Biological Fluid Dynamics" during January of 1999, which was part of the year-long program "Mathematics in Biology." This workshop brought together biologists, zoologists, engineers, and mathematicians working on a variety of issues in biological fluid dynamics.

A unifying theme in biological fluid dynamics is the interaction of elastic boundaries with a surrounding fluid. These moving boundary problems, coupled with the equations of incompressible, viscous fluid dynamics, pose formidible challenges to the computational scientist. In this volume, a variety of computational methods are presented, both in general terms, and within the context of applications including ciliary beating, blood flow, and insect flight.

Our hope is that this collection will allow others to become aware of and interested in the exciting accomplishments and challenges uncovered during this workshop.

• Volume 125: Mathematical Approaches for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases Part I: An Introduction to Models, Methods, and Theory
Editors: Carlos Castillo-Chavez with Sally Blower, Pauline van den Driessche, Denise Kirschner, and Abdul-Aziz Yakubu
Contents:  pdf    postscript

This book grew out of the discussions and presentations that began during the Workshop on Emerging and Reemerging Diseases (May 17-21, 1999) sponsored by the Institute for Mathematics and its Application (IMA) at the University of Minnesota with the support of NIH and NSF. The workshop started with a two-day tutorial session directed to ecologists, epidemiologists, immunologists, mathematicians and scientists interested in being exposed to some of the modeling and mathematical approaches used in the study of disease dynamics. The core of this first volume, Volume 125, covers tutorial and research contributions on the use of dynamical systems (deterministic discrete, delay, PDEs and ODEs models) and stochastic models in disease dynamics. The volume includes the study of Cancer, HIV, Pertusis and Tuberculosis.

Beginning graduate students in applied mathematics, scientists in the natural, social or health sciences or mathematicians who want to enter the fields of mathematical and theoretical epidemiology will find this book useful.

• Volume 126: Mathematical Approaches for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases Part II: Models, Methods and Theory
Editors: Carlos Castillo-Chavez with Sally Blower, Pauline van den Driessche, Denise Kirschner, and Abdul-Aziz Yakubu
Contents:  pdf    postscript

This book grew out of the discussions and presentations that began during the Workshop on Emerging and Reemerging Diseases (May 17-21, 1999) sponsored by the Institute for Mathematics and its Application (IMA) at the University of Minnesota with the support of NIH and NSF. The workshop started with a two-day tutorial session directed to ecologists, epidemiologists, immunologists, mathematicians and scientists interested in being exposed to some of the modeling and mathematical approaches used in the study of disease dynamics. The core of this second volume, Volume 126, includes research contributions on the use of dynamical systems (deterministic discrete, delay, PDEs and ODEs models) and stochastic models in disease dynamics. Contributions motivated by the study of diseases like Influenza, HIV, Tuberculosis and macro parasitic diseases like schistosomiasis are also included.

This second volume requires additional mathematical sophistication and graduate students in applied mathematics, scientists in the natural, social and health sciences or mathematicians who want to enter the field of mathematical or theoretical epidemiology will find it useful.

The collection of contributors includes many who have been in the forefront of the development of the subject.

• Volume 127: Mathematics of the Internet: E-Auction and Markets
Editors: Brenda Dietrich and Rakesh V. Vohra
Contents:  pdf    postscript

The use of the internet for commerce has spawned a variety of auctions, marketplaces and exchanges for trading everything from bandwidth to books. Mechanisms for bidding agents, dynamic pricing, and combinatorial bids are being implemented in support of internet-based auctions, giving rise to new versions of optimization and resource allocation models. This volume, a collection of papers from an IMA Hot Topics" workshop in internet auctions, includes descriptions of real and proposed auctions, complete with mathematical model formulations, theoretical results, solution approaches, and computational studies. This volume also provides a mathematical programming perspective on open questions in auction theory, and provides a glimpse of the growing area of dynamic pricing.

• Volume 128: Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Energy and Power
Editors: Claude Greengard and Andrzej Ruszczynski
Contents:  pdf    postscript

In the ideal world, major decisions would be made based on complete and reliable information available to the decision maker. We live in a world of uncertainties, and decisions must be made from information which may be incomplete and may contain uncertainty. The key mathematical question addressed in this volume is how to make decision in the presence of quantifiable uncertainty."

The volume contains articles on model problems of decision making process in the energy and power industry when the available information is noisy and/or incomplete. The major tools used in studying these problems are mathematical modeling and optimization techniques; especially stochastic optimization. These articles are meant to provide an insight into this rapidly developing field, which lies in the intersection of applied statistics, probability, operations research, and economic theory. It is hoped that the present volume will provide entry to newcomers into the field, and stimulation for further research.

• Volume 129: Membrane Transport and Renal Physiology
Editors: Harold E. Layton and Alan M. Weinstein
Contents:  pdf    postscript

The papers in this volume arose out of the workshop Membrane Transport and Renal Physiology, which was conducted as part of the IMA 1998-1999 program year, Mathematics in Biology. The workshop brought together physiolog)sts, biophysicists, and applied mathematicians who share a common interest in solute and water transport in biological systems, especially in the integrated function of the kidney.

Solute and water transport through cells involves fluxes across two cell membranes, usually via specialized proteins that are integral membrane components. By means of mathematical representations, transport fluxes can be related to transmembrane solute concentrations and electrochemical driving forces. At the next level of functional integration, these representations can serve as key components for models of renal transcellular transport. Ultimately, simulations can be developed for transport-dependent aspects of overall renal function.

Workshop topics included solute fluxes through ion channels, cotransporters, and metabolically-driven ion pumps; transport across fiber-matrix and capillary membranes; coordinated transport by renal epithelia; the urine concentrating mechanism; and intra-renal hemodynamic control.

This volume will be of interest to biological and mathematical scientists who would like a view of recent mathematical efforts to represent membrane transport and its role in renal function.

• Volume 130: Atmospheric Modeling
Editors: David P. Chock and Gregory R. Carmichael
Contents:  pdf    postscript

This volume contains refereed papers submitted by international experts who participated in the Atmospheric Modeling workshop during March 15-19, 2000 at the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications (IMA) at the University of Minnesota. The papers cover a wide range of topics presented in the workshop. In particular, mathematical topics include a performance comparison of operator-splitting and non-splitting methods, time-stepping methods to preserve positivity and consideration of multiple timescale issues in the modeling of atmospheric chemistry, a fully 3D adaptive-grid method, impact of grid resolution on model predictions, testing the robustness of different mass-adjustment schemes for mass conservation under different flow fields, modeling and numerical methods in four-dimensional variational data assimilation, and parallel computing. Modeling topics include the development of an efficient self-contained global circulation-chemistry-transport model, and a nested-grid urban-to-global meteorology-chemistry-transport model and its applications, the development of a modal aerosol model, and modeling of the emissions and chemistry of monoterpenes that lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosols. The volume provides an excellent cross section of current research activities in atmospheric modeling.

• Volume 131: Resource Recovery, Confinement, and Remediation of Environmental Hazards
Editors: John Chadam, Al Cunningham, Richard E. Ewing, Peter Ortoleva, and Mary Fanett Wheeler
Contents:  pdf    postscript

The papers in this volume arose out of two Workshops entitled "Confinement and Remediation of Environmental Hazards," and "Resource Recovery," as part of the IMA 1999-2000 program year. These workshops brought together mathematicians, engineers and scientists to summarize recent theoretical, computational, and experimental advances in the theory of phenomena in porous media.

The first workshop focused on the mathematical problems which arise in groundwater transport of contamination, and the spreading, confinement and remediation of biological, chemical and radioactive waste. In the second conference, the processes underlying petroleum recovery and the geological time scale of deformation, flow and reaction in porous media were discussed. Simulation techniques were used to simulate complex domains with widely-ranging spatial resolution and types of physics. Probability functional methods for determining the most probable state of the subsurface and related uncertainty were discussed. Practical examples included breakout from chemical and radioactive waste repositories, confinement by injection of pore plugging material and bioremediation of petroleum and other wastes.

This volume will be of interest to subsurface science practitioners who would like a view of recent mathematical and experimental efforts to examine subsurface science phenomena related to resource recovery and remediation issues.

• Volume 132: Fractals in Multimedia
Editors: Michael F. Barnsley, Dietmar Saupe, and Edward Vrscay
Contents:  pdf    postscript

This volume describes the status of fractal imaging research and looks to future directions. It is to be useful to researchers in the areas of fractal image compression, analysis, and synthesis, iterated function systems, and fractals in education. In particular it includes a vision for the future of these areas.

It is intended to provide an efficient means by which researchers can look back over the last decade at what has been achieved, and look forward towards second-generation fractal imaging. The articles in themselves are not supposed to be detailed reviews or expositions, but to serve as signposts to the state-of-the-art in their areas. What is important is what they mention and what tools and ideas are seen now to be relevant to the future.

The contributors, a number of who have been involved since the start, are active in fractal imaging, and provide a well-informed viewpoint on both the status and the future. Most were invited participants at a meeting on Fractals in Multimedia held at the IMA in January 2001. Some goals of the mini-symposium, shared with this volume, were to demonstrate that the fractal viewpoint leads to a broad collection of useful mathematical tools, common themes, new ways of looking at and thinking about existing algorithms and applications in multimedia; and to consider future developments.

We try to further define the set of those intuitions and insights that constitute the fractal viewpoint, the mathematics that sustains it, and to identify areas where it has potential to increase understanding and lead to new discoveries.

"Whom This Book is For:"

This book should be useful to commercial and university researchers in the rapidly evolving field of digital imaging; specifically, chief information officers, professors, software engineers, and graduate students in the mathematical sciences. While much of the content is quite technical, it contains pointers to the state-of-the-art and the future in fractal imaging.

• Volume 133: Mathematical Methods in Computer Vision
Editors: Peter J. Olver and Allen Tannenbaum
Contents:  pdf    postscript

This volume comprises some of the key work presented at two IMA Workshops on Computer Vision during fall of 2000. Recent years have seen significant advances in the application of sophisticated mathematical theories to the problems arising in image processing. Basic issues include image smoothing and denoising, image enhancement, morphology, image compression, segmentation (determining boundaries of objects--- including problems of camera distortion and partial occlusion). Several mathematical approaches have emerged, including methods based on nonlinear partial differential equations, stochastic and statistical methods, and signal processing techniques, including wavelets and other transform theories. Partial differential equations are used to describe the evolution of shapes under curvature-controlled diffusions, providing a multi-scale representation that is based upon curvature flows of fundamental importance in differential geometry. These methods have proven successful in noise reduction while maintaining edge retention. Applications to segmentation are based on a variational formulation of the method of snakes or deformable contours, in which an initial contour converges to the object boundary via a gradient descent flow based on a conformally Riemannian metric. Wavelets have applications to practical image compression methods, and texture characterization. Statistical methods such as the EM algorithm have been successfully applied to a variety of vision problems.

Shape theory is of fundamental importance since it is the bottle-neck between high and low level vision, and formed the bridge between the two workshops on vision. The recent geometric partial differential equation methods have been essential in throwing new light on this very difficult problem area. Further, stochastic processes, including Markov random fields, have been used in a Bayesian framework to incorporate prior constraints on a smoothness and the regularities of discontinuities into algorithms for image restoration and reconstruction. Sequential decision theory has been used to develop algorithms for efficient identification of objects in a scene, including handwritten characters, roads in satellite imagery, and faces. Deformable templates have been used to automate the identification of structures, both normal and pathological, in medical imagery.

A number of applications are considered including optical character and handwriting recognizers, printed-circuit board inspection systems and quality control devices, motion detection, robotic control by visual feedback, reconstruction of objects from stereoscopic view and/or motion, autonomous road vehicles, and many others.

• Volume 134: Mathematical Systems Theory in Biology, Communications, Computation, and Finance
Editors: Joachim Rosenthal and David S. Gilliam
Contents:    pdf    postscript

Mathematical systems theory is a vibrant research area in its own right. The theory has an impact in numerous applications areas including aeronautics, biological systems, chemical engineering, communication systems, financial engineering and robotics to name just a few.

This volume contains survey and research articles by some of the leading researchers in mathematical systems theory. Many authors have taken special care that their articles are self-contained and accessible also to non-specialists. The articles contained in this volume are from those presented as plenary lectures, invited one hour lectures and minisymposia at the 15th International Symposium on the Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems held at the University of Notre Dame, August 12-16, 2002.

• Volume 135: Transport in Transition Regimes
Editors: Naoufel Ben Abdallah, Anton Arnold, Pierre Degond, Irene Gamba, Robert Glassey, C. David Levermore, and Christian Ringhofer
Contents:    pdf    postscript

IMA Volumes 135: Transport in Transition Regimes and 136: Dispersive Transport Equations and Multiscale Models focus on the modeling of processes for which transport is one of the most complicated components. This includes processes that involve a wide range of length scales over different spatio-temporal regions of the problem, ranging from the order of mean-free paths to many times this scale. Consequently, effective modeling techniques require different transport models in each region.

The first issue is that of finding efficient simulations techniques, since a fully resolved kinetic simulation is often impractical. One therefore develops homogenization, stochastic, or moment based subgrid models. Another issue is to quantify the discrepancy between macroscopic models and the underlying kinetic description, especially when dispersive effects become macroscopic, for example due to quantum effects in semiconductors and superfluids.

These two volumes address these questions in relation to a wide variety of application areas, such as semiconductors, plasmas, fluids, chemically reactive gases, etc.

• Volume 136: Dispersive Transport Equations and Multiscale Models
Editors: Naoufel Ben Abdallah, Anton Arnold, Pierre Degond, Irene Gamba, Robert Glassey, C. David Levermore, and Christian Ringhofer
Contents:    pdf    postscript

IMA Volumes 135: Transport in Transition Regimes and 136: Dispersive Transport Equations and Multiscale Models focus on the modeling of processes for which transport is one of the most complicated components. This includes processes that involve a wide range of length scales over different spatio-temporal regions of the problem, ranging from the order of mean-free paths to many times this scale. Consequently, effective modeling techniques require different transport models in each region.

The first issue is that of finding efficient simulations techniques, since a fully resolved kinetic simulation is often impractical. One therefore develops homogenization, stochastic, or moment based subgrid models. Another issue is to quantify the discrepancy between macroscopic models and the underlying kinetic description, especially when dispersive effects become macroscopic, for example due to quantum effects in semiconductors and superfluids.

These two volumes address these questions in relation to a wide variety of application areas, such as semiconductors, plasmas, fluids, chemically reactive gases, etc.

• Volume 137: Geometric Methods in Inverse Problems and PDE Control
Editors: Christopher B. Croke, Irena Lasiecka, Gunther Uhlmann, and Michael S. Vogelius
Contents:  pdf    postscript

This volume contains a selected number of articles based on lectures delivered at the IMA 2001 Summer Program on "Geometric Methods in Inverse Problems and PDE Control.'' This program was focused on a set of common tools that are used in the study of inverse coefficient problems and control problems for partial differential equations, and in particular on their strong relation to fundamental problems of differential geometry. Examples of such tools are Dirichlet-to-Neumann data boundary maps, unique continuation results, Carleman estimates, microlocal analysis and the so-called boundary control method. Examples of intimately connected fundamental problems in differential geometry are the boundary rigidity problem and the isospectral problem. The present volume provides a broad survey of recent progress concerning inverse and control problems for PDEs and related differential geometric problems. It is hoped that it will also serve as an excellent "point of departure" for researchers who will want to pursue studies at the intersection of these mathematically exciting, and practically important subjects.

• Volume 138: Mathematical Foundations of Speech and Language Processing
Editors: Mark Johnson, Sanjeev Khudanpur, Mari Ostendorf, and Roni Rosenfeld
Contents:  pdf    postscript

Speech and language technologies continue to grow in importance as they are used to create natural and efficient interfaces between people and machines, and to automatically transcribe, extract, analyze, and route information from high-volume streams of spoken and written information.

The workshops on Mathematical Foundations of Speech Processing and Natural Language Modeling were held in the Fall of 2000 at the University of Minnesota's NSF-sponsored Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications, as part of a Mathematics in Multimedia" year-long program. Each workshop brought together researchers in the respective technologies on one hand, and mathematicians and statisticians on the other hand, for an intensive week of cross-fertilization.

There is a long history of benefit from introducing mathematical techniques and ideas to speech and language technologies. Examples include the source-channel paradigm, hidden Markov models, decision trees, exponential models and formal languages theory. It is likely that new mathematical techniques, or novel applications of existing techniques, will once again prove pivotal for moving the field forward.

This volume consists of original contributions presented by participants during the two workshops. Topics include language modeling, prosody, acoustic-phonetic modeling and statistical methodology.

• Volume 139: Time Series Analysis and Applications to Geophysical Systems
Editors: David R. Brillinger, Enders Anthony Robinson, and Frederic Paik Schoenberg
Contents:  pdf    postscript

Time series methods are essential tools in the analysis of many geophysical systems. This volume, which consists of papers presented by a select, international group of statistical and geophysical experts at a Workshop on Time Series Analysis and Applications to Geophysical Systems at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) at the University of Minnesota from November 12-15, 2001 as part of the IMA's Thematic Year on Mathematics in the Geosciences, explores the application of recent advances in time series methodology to a host of important problems ranging from climate change to seismology.

The works in this volume deal with theoretical and methodological issues as well as real geophysical applications, and are written with both statistical and geophysical audiences in mind. Important contributions to time series modeling, estimation, prediction, and deconvolution are presented. The results are applied to a wide range of geophysical applications including the investigation and prediction of climatic variations, the interpretation of seismic signals, the estimation of flooding risk, the description of permeability in Chinese oil fields, and the modeling of NOx decomposition from thermal power plants.

• Volume 140: Probability and partial differential equations in modern applied mathematics
Editors: Jinqiao Duan and Edward C. Waymire
Contents:  pdf     postscript

"Probability and Partial Differential Equations in Modern Applied Mathematics" is devoted to the role of probabilistic methods in modern applied mathematics from the perspectives of both a tool for analysis and as a tool in modeling.

There is a recognition in the applied mathematics research community that stochastic methods are playing an increasingly prominent role in the formulation and analysis of diverse problems of contemporary interest in the sciences and engineering. A probabilistic representation of solutions to partial differential equations that arise as deterministic models allows one to exploit the power of stochastic calculus and probabilistic limit theory in the analysis of deterministic problems, as well as to offer new perspectives on the phenomena for modeling purposes.

There is also a growing appreciation of the role for the inclusion of stochastic effects in the modeling of complex systems. This has led to interesting new mathematical problems at the interface of probability, dynamical systems, numerical analysis, and partial differential equations.

This volume will be useful to researchers and graduate students interested in probabilistic methods, dynamical systems approaches and numerical analysis for mathematical modeling in the sciences and engineering.

• Volume 141: Modeling of Soft Matter
Editors: Maria-Carme T. Calderer and Eugene M. Terentjev
Contents:  pdf   postscript

The physics of soft matter -- materials such as elastomers, gels, foams and liquid crystals -- is an area of intense interest and contemporary study. Moreover, soft matter plays a role in a wide variety of important processes and application. For example, gel swelling and dynamics are an essential part of many biological and industrial processes, such as motility mechanisms in bacteria and the transport and absorption of drugs. Ferroelectrics, liquid crystals, and elastomers are being used to design ever faster switching devices. Experimental studies, such as scattering, optical and electron microscopy, have provided a great deal of detailed information on structures. But the integration of mathematical modeling and analysis with experimental approaches promises to greatly increase our understanding of structure-property relationships and constitutive equations. The workshop on Modeling of Soft Matter has taken such an integrated approach. It brought together researchers in applied and computational mathematical fields such as differential equations, dynamical systems, analysis, and fluid and solid mechanics, and scientists and engineers from a variety of disciplines relevant to soft matter physics. An important outcome of the workshop has been to identify beautiful and novel scientific problems arising in soft matter that are in need of mathematical modeling and appear amenable to it and so to set the stage for further research. This Volume presents a collection of papers representing the key aspects of the topics discussed at depth in the course of the workshop.

• Volume 142: Compatible Spatial Discretizations
Editors: Douglas N. Arnold, Pavel B. Bochev, Richard B. Lehoucq, Roy A. Nicolaides, and Mikhail Shashkov
Contents:  pdf   postscript

The IMA Hot Topics workshop on compatible spatial discretizations was held May 11-15, 2004 at the University of Minnesota. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together scientists at the forefront of the research in the numerical solution of PDEs to discuss recent advances and novel applications of geometrical and homological approaches to discretization. This volume contains original contributions based on the material presented at the workshop. A unique feature of the collection is the inclusion of work that is representative of the recent developments in compatible discretizations across a wide spectrum of disciplines in computational science. Compatible spatial discretizations are those that inherit or mimic fundamental properties of the PDE such as topology, conservation, symmetries, and positivity structures and maximum principles. The papers in this volume offer a snapshot of the current trends and developments in compatible spatial discretizations. The reader will find valuable insights on spatial compatibility from several different perspectives and important examples of applications of compatible discretizations in computational electromagnetics, geosciences, linear elasticity, eigenvalue approximations and MHD. The contributions collected in this volume will help to elucidate relations between different methods and concepts and to generally advance our understanding of compatible spatial discretizations for PDEs. Abstracts and presentation slides from the workshop can be accessed at http://www.ima.umn.edu/talks/workshops/5-11-15.2004/.

• Volume 143: Wireless Communications
Editors: Prathima Agrawal, Daniel Matthew Andrews, Philip J. Fleming, George Yin, and Lisa Zhang
Contents:  pdf   postscript

This volume contains papers based on invited talks given at the 2005 IMA Summer Workshop on Wireless Communications, held at the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications, University of Minnesota, June 22 — July 1, 2005. The workshop provided a great opportunity to facilitate the communications between academia and the industry, and to bridge the mathematical sciences, engineering, information theory, and communication communities. The emphases were on design and analysis of computationally efficient algorithms to better understand the behavior and to control the wireless telecommunication networks. As an achieve, this volume presents some of the highlights of the workshop, and collects papers covering a broad spectrum of important and pressing issues in wireless communications. All papers have been reviewed. One of the book's distinct features is highly multi-disciplinary. This book is useful for researchers and advanced graduate students working in communication networks, information theory, signal processing, and applied probability and stochastic processes, among others.

• Volume 144: Symmetries and Overdetermined Systems of Partial Differential Equations
Editors: Michael Eastwood and Willard Miller, Jr.
Contents:  pdf   postscript

Symmetries in various forms pervade mathematics and physics. Globally, there are the symmetries of a homogeneous space induced by the action of a Lie group. Locally, there are the infinitesimal symmetries induced by differential operators, including not only those of first order but of higher order too. This three-week Summer Program considered the symmetries preserving various natural geometric structures. Often these structures are themselves derived from partial differential equations whilst their symmetries turn out to be constrained by overdetermined systems. This leads to further topics including separation of variables, conserved quantities, superintegrability, parabolic geometry, representation theory, the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand complex, finite element schemes, exterior differential systems, and moving frames.

There are two parts to these Proceedings. The articles in the first part are expository but all contain significant new material. The articles in the second part are concerned with original research. All articles were thoroughly refereed and the range of interrelated work ensures that this will be an extremely useful collection.

These Proceedings are dedicated to the memory of Thomas P. Branson who played a leading role in the conception and organization of this Summer Program but did not live to see its realization.

• Volume 145: Topics in Stochastic Analysis and Nonparametric Estimation
Editors: Pao-Liu Chow, Boris Mordukhovich, and George Yin
Contents:  pdf   postscript

To assess the past achievement and to provide a road map for future research, an IMA participating institution conference entitled "Conference on Asymptotic Analysis in Stochastic Processes, Nonparametric Estimation, and Related Problems" was held at Wayne State University, September 15-17, 2006. This conference was also held to honor Professor Rafail Z. Khasminskii for his fundamental contributions to many aspects of stochastic processes and nonparametric estimation theory on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday. It assembled an impressive list of invited speakers, who are renowned leaders in the fields of probability theory, stochastic processes, stochastic differential equations, as well as in the nonparametric estimation theory, and related fields. A number of invited speakers were early developers of the fields of probability and stochastic processes, establishing the foundation of the Modern probability theory. After the conference, to commemorate this special event, an IMA volume dedicated to Professor Rafail Z. Khasminskii was put together. It consists of nine papers on various topics in probability and statistics. They include authoritative expositions as well significant research papers of current interest. It is conceivable that the volume will have a lasting impact on the further development of stochastic analysis and nonparametric estimation.

• Volume 146: Algorithms in Algebraic Geometry
Editors: Alicia Dickenstein, Frank-Olaf Schreyer, and Andrew J. Sommese
Contents:  pdf   postscript

In the last decade, there has been a burgeoning of activity in the design and implementation of algorithms for algebraic geometric computation. Some of these algorithms were originally designed for abstract algebraic geometry, but now are of interest for use in applications and some of these algorithms were originally designed for applications, but now are of interest for use in abstract algebraic geometry. The Workshop on Algorithms in Algebraic Geometry that was held in the framework of the IMA Annual Program Year in Applications of Algebraic Geometry by the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications on September 18–22, 2006 at the University of Minnesota is one tangible indication of the interest. One hundred ten participants from eleven countries and twenty states came to listen to the many talks; discuss mathematics; and pursue collaborative work on the many faceted problems and the algorithms, both symbolic and numeric, that illuminate them.

This volume of articles captures some of the spirit of the IMA Workshop.

Keywords: algebraic degree, algebraic set, component of solutions, connected component, deflation, diagonal homotopy, embedding, equation-by-equation solver, generic point, fewnomials, finite fields, flag, generic point, homotopy continuation, hypersurfaces, irreducible components, isolated singular solutions, join, k-ellipse, Littlewood-Richardson coefficients, matrices of fixed displacement rank, monodromy, multiplicity, Newton's method, numerical algebraic geometry, numerical irreducible decomposition, path following, permutation arrays, plane curves, polar varieties, polynomial systems, polynomial system solving, public key cryptography, reconditioning, Schubert varieties, secant, semidefinite representation, symbolic-numeric computations, tangent space, tensor sum, witness point, witness set, Zariski closure

• Volume 147: Symmetric Functionals on Random Matrices and Random Matchings Problems
Authors: Grzegorz A. Rempała and Jacek Wesołowski

The volume is a result of the authors’ collaborative effort initiated at the IMA during the Institute's 2003/04 annual program on "Probability and Statistics in Complex Systems: Genomics, Networks, and Finance Engineering." The volume content is drawn from the recent literature on the asymptotic behavior of random permanents and random matchings. In particular, the authors present an elegant connection between the problem of an asymptotic behavior for a certain family of functionals on random matrices and the asymptotic results in the classical theory of the so-called U-statistics &mdash objects of fundamental importance in the non-parametric statistical inference. The volume content has been augmented with a sizable amount of preliminary material, in order to make the text largely self-contained and accessible to any mathematics, statistics or engineering graduate student who has taken basic introductory courses in probability theory and mathematical statistics.

Dr. Grzegorz A. Rempała is a Professor of Statistics in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Louisville in Louisville, KY. Dr. Jacek Wesołowski is a Professor of Mathematics and Associate Dean for Research at the Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology in Warsaw, Poland.

• Volume 148: Software for Algebraic Geometry
Editors: Michael E. Stillman, Nobuki Takayama, and Jan Verschelde
Contents:  pdf   postscript

Algorithms in algebraic geometry go hand in hand with software packages that implement them. Together they have established the modern field of computational algebraic geometry which has come to play a major role in both theoretical advances and applications. Over the past fifteen years, several excellent general purpose packages for computations in algebraic geometry have been developed, such as CoCoA, Singular and Macaulay 2. While these packages evolve continuously, incorporating new mathematical advances, they both motivate and demand the creation of new mathematics and smarter algorithms.

This volume reflects the workshop "Software for Algebraic Geometry" held in the week from 23 to 27 October 2006, as the second workshop in the thematic year on Applications of Algebraic Geometry at the IMA. The papers in this volume describe the software packages Bertini, PHClab, Gfan, DEMiCs, SYNAPS, TrIm, Gambit, ApaTools, and the application of Risa/Asir to a conjecture on multiple zeta values. They offer the reader a broad view of current trends in computational algebraic geometry through software development and applications.

• Volume 149: Emerging Applications of Algebraic Geometry
Editors: Mihai Putinar and Seth Sullivant
Contents:  pdf   postscript

Recent advances in both the theory and implementation of computational algebraic geometry have led to new, striking applications to a variety of fields of research.

The articles in this volume highlight a range of these applications and provide introductory material for topics covered in the IMA workshops on "Optimization and Control" and "Applications in Biology, Dynamics, and Statistics" held during the IMA year on Applications of Algebraic Geometry. The articles related to optimization and control focus on the burgeoning use of semidefinite programming and moment matrix techniques in computational real algebraic geometry. The new direction towards a systematic study of non-commutative real algebraic geometry is well represented in the volume. Other articles provide an overview of the way computational algebra is useful for analysis of contingency tables, reconstruction of phylogenetic trees, and in systems biology. The contributions collected in this volume are accessible to non-experts, self-contained and informative; they quickly move towards cutting edge research in these areas, and provide a wealth of open problems for future research.

• Volume 150: Mathematics of DNA Structure, Function, and Interactions
Editors: Craig John Benham, Stephen Harvey, Wilma K. Olson, De Witt L. Sumners, and David Swigon
Contents:  pdf   postscript

Propelled by the success of the sequencing of the human and many related genomes, molecular and cellular biology has delivered significant scientific breakthroughs. Mathematics (broadly defined) continues to play a major role in this effort, helping to discover the secrets of life by working collaboratively with bench biologists, chemists and physicists. Because of its outstanding record of interdisciplinary research and training, the IMA was an ideal venue for the 2007-2008 IMA thematic year on Mathematics of Molecular and Cellular Biology. The kickoff event for this thematic year was a tutorial on Mathematics of Nucleic Acids, followed by the workshop Mathematics of Molecular and Cellular Biology, held September 15–21 at the IMA. This volume is dedicated to the memory of Nicholas R. Cozzarelli, a dynamic leader who fostered research and training at the interface between mathematics and molecular biology. It contains a personal remembrance of Nick Cozzarelli, plus 15 papers contributed by workshop speakers. The papers give and overview of state-of-the-art mathematical approaches to the understanding of DNA structure and function, and the interaction of DNA with proteins that mediate vital life processes.

• Volume 151: Nonlinear Computational Geometry
Editors: Ioannis Z. Emiris, Frank Sottile, and Thorsten Theobald
Contents:  pdf   postscript

An original motivation for algebraic geometry was to understand curves and surfaces in three dimensions. Recent theoretical and technological advances in areas such as robotics, computer vision, computer-aided geometric design and molecular biology, together with the increased availability of computational resources, have brought these original questions once more into the forefront of research. One particular challenge is to combine applicable methods from algebraic geometry with proven techniques from piecewise-linear computational geometry (such as Voronoi diagrams and hyperplane arrangements) to develop tools for treating curved objects. These research efforts may be summarized under the term nonlinear computational geometry.
This volume grew out of an IMA workshop on Nonlinear Computational Geometry in May/June 2007 (organized by I.Z. Emiris, R. Goldman, F. Sottile, T. Theobald) which gathered leading experts in this emerging field. The research and expository articles in the volume are intended to provide an overview of nonlinear computational geometry. Since the topic involves computational geometry, algebraic geometry, and geometric modeling, the volume has contributions from all of these areas. By addressing a broad range of issues from purely theoretical and algorithmic problems, to implementation and practical applications this volume conveys the spirit of the IMA workshop.

• Volume 152: Towards Higher Categories
Editors: John C. Baez and J. Peter May
Contents:  pdf

The purpose of this book is to give background for those who would like to delve into some higher category theory. It is not a primer on higher category theory itself. It begins with a paper by John Baez and Michael Shulman which explores informally, by analogy and direct connection, how cohomology and other tools of algebraic topology are seen through the eys of n-category theory. The idea is to give some of the motivations behind this subject. There are then two survey articles, by Julie Bergner and Simona Paoli, about (infinity,1) categories and about the algebraic modelling of homotopy n-types. These are areas that are particularly well understood, and where a fully integrated theory exists. The main focus of the book is on the richness to be found in the theory of bicategories, which gives the essential starting point towards the understanding of higher categorical structures. An article by Stephen Lack gives a thorough, but informal, guide to this theory. A paper by Larry Breen on the theory of gerbes shows how such categorical structures appear in differential geometry. This book is dedicated to Max Kelly, the founder of the Australian school of category theory, and a historical paper by Ross Street describes its development.

• Volume 153 : Nonlinear Conservation Laws and Applications
Editors: Alberto Bressan, Gui-Qiang Chen, Marta Lewicka, and Dehua Wang
Contents:  pdf

This volume contains the proceedings of the Summer Program on Nonlinear Conservation Laws and Applications held at the IMA on July 13-31, 2009.
Hyperbolic conservation laws is a classical subject, which has experienced vigorous growth in recent years. The present collection provides a timely survey of the state of the art in this exciting field, and a comprehensive outlook on open problems.
Contributions of more theoretical nature cover the following topics: global existence and uniqueness theory of one-dimensional systems, multidimensional conservation laws in several space variables and approximations of their solutions, mathematical analysis of fluid motion, stability and dynamics of viscous shock waves, singular limits for viscous systems, basic principles in the modeling of turbulent mixing, transonic flows past an obstacle and a fluid dynamic approach for isometric embedding in geometry, models of nonlinear elasticity, the Monge problem, and transport equations with rough coefficients.
In addition, there are a number of papers devoted to applications. These include: models of blood flow, self-gravitating compressible fluids, granular flow, charge transport in fluids, and the modeling and control of traffic flow on networks.

• Volume 154: Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming
Editors: Jon Lee and Sven Leyffer
Contents:  pdf

Many engineering, operations, and scientific applications include a mixture of discrete and continuous decision variables and nonlinear relationships involving the decision variables that have a pronounced effect on the set of feasible and optimal solutions. Mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems combine the numerical difficulties of handling nonlinear functions with the challenge of optimizing in the context of nonconvex functions and discrete variables. MINLP is one of the most flexible modeling paradigms available for optimization; but because its scope is so broad, in the most general cases it is hopelessly intractable. Nonetheless, an expanding body of researchers and practitioners -- including chemical engineers, operations researchers, industrial engineers, mechanical engineers, economists, statisticians, computer scientists, operations managers, and mathematical programmers -- are interested in solving large-scale MINLP instances.

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